What was the immediate impact of the Icelandic volcano eruption on the local farmer and his family?

• Their crops were destroyed by lava.

• They heard rumbling sounds and saw ash falling.

• They experienced a power outage.

• They had to evacuate their home.

What causes the Earth's plates to move, leading to volcanic eruptions?

• Currents of heated rock beneath the crust.

• The gravitational pull of the moon.

• The rotation of the Earth.

• Wind and water erosion.

What is the term for molten rock that reaches the Earth's surface?

• Magma

• Pumice

• Lava

• Basalt

What happens to magma when it cools and solidifies on the Earth's surface?

• It forms a new ocean.

• It becomes part of the Earth's core.

• It evaporates into the atmosphere.

• It turns into lava rock.

Which type of volcano is characterized by runny lava that spreads out before cooling?

• Stratovolcano

• Cone-shaped volcano

• Caldera

• Shield volcano

What is the primary difference between shield and cone-shaped volcanoes?

• Cone-shaped volcanoes are found only in Iceland.

• Shield volcanoes are taller than cone-shaped ones.

• Cone-shaped volcanoes have steeper sides.

• Shield volcanoes are more explosive.

How do scientists predict that a volcano is about to erupt?

• By monitoring the color of the sky.

• By tracking animal behavior.

• By observing changes in weather patterns.

• By measuring the swelling of the volcano.

What was a significant consequence of the volcanic ash from the Iceland eruption?

• It caused a global temperature drop.

• It enriched the soil with minerals.

• It led to a tsunami.

• It caused a drought in the region.

What is one of the positive effects of volcanic eruptions mentioned in the text?

• They build new mountains and islands.

• They reduce air pollution.

• They create new habitats for wildlife.

• They increase rainfall in the region.

What did the author Sandra Markle emphasize about volcanoes?

• They are a rare occurrence.

• They are dramatic proof of Earth's changes.

• They are a static feature of the Earth.

• They are only found in specific regions.