Erosion Processes in Tongariro National Park

What is the primary reason wind is most erosive on mountain tops in Tongariro National Park?

• High levels of rainfall

• Frequent and powerful winds

• Low temperatures

• The presence of dense vegetation

How does running water primarily affect volcanic materials at higher altitudes?

• By causing mass movements of ash

• By forming sand dunes

• By creating lava flows

• By freezing and thawing

What happens to a river's slope over time when it erodes softer rocks beyond a lava flow?

• It creates a sand dune

• It becomes vertical, forming a waterfall

• It forms a delta

• It becomes horizontal

What natural event in 2007 significantly altered the landscape around Mount Ruapehu?

• A volcanic eruption

• A lahar from the crater lake

• A massive landslide

• A severe drought

How do human activities, such as the Tongariro power scheme, affect natural river erosion?

• They cause more frequent volcanic eruptions

• They reduce natural erosion by diverting rivers

• They have no impact on erosion

• They increase the rate of erosion

What is the primary effect of ice needles during winter in the Rangipo Desert?

• They cause soil particles to move downhill

• They transport volcanic ash

• They create sand dunes

• They form new glaciers

What geological feature is formed by glaciers eroding the landscape?

• Sand dunes

• V-shaped valleys

• Lava flows

• U-shaped valleys

What is the result of freezing and thawing processes in high-altitude rocks?

• Creation of lava flows

• Cracking or breaking of rocks

• Formation of new rivers

• Formation of sand dunes

What is the term for the ridges of loose rock fragments deposited by glaciers?

• Dunes

• Lahars

• Tephra

• Moraines

Which valley at the base of Mount Tongariro has a distinctive U shape due to an ancient glacier?

• Whangaehu River

• Rangipo Desert

• Mangetepopo Valley

• Pinnacle Range