Critical Theory and the Frankfurt School

What was the primary goal of the Institute for Social Research when it was founded?

• To advance Marxism as a scientific discipline

• To focus on postmodernism

• To promote capitalism

• To support traditional theories

Who was the first director of the Institute for Social Research?

• Carl Gruenberg

• Kurt Albert Gerlach

• Felix Weil

• Max Horkheimer

What significant change did Max Horkheimer bring to the Institute?

• He focused on traditional theory

• He shifted the focus to critiquing society as a whole

• He emphasized logical positivism

• He introduced postmodernism

How does critical theory differ from traditional theory according to Horkheimer?

• It is independent of social realities

• It critiques reason's power by reason alone

• It is based on concrete social realities

• It focuses solely on metaphysics

Which philosopher is considered a key reference for critical theory alongside Marx?

• Friedrich Nietzsche

• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

• Jean-Paul Sartre

• Immanuel Kant

What is a fundamental aspect of critical theory's methodology?

• It envisages a link between theory and empirical sciences

• It separates theory from empirical sciences

• It relies solely on a priori knowledge

• It ignores social and human sciences

What does the unity of theory and praxis in critical theory imply?

• Theory is purely theoretical with no empirical basis

• Theory has no practical relevance

• Theory and social reality are reciprocally dependent

• Theory is independent of historical context

Which generation of the Frankfurt School did Jurgen Habermas belong to?

• First generation

• Second generation

• Third generation

• Fourth generation

Which philosophical movement developed in France around the same time as Habermas's critical theory?

• Existentialism

• Structuralism

• Phenomenology

• Postmodernism

Which of the following is NOT a member of the first generation of the Frankfurt School?

• Max Horkheimer

• Theodor Adorno

• Herbert Marcuse

• Michel Foucault