Astronomy: Geocentric and Heliocentric Models

What was the primary belief about the universe's structure according to ancient Greek astronomers?

• The universe was infinite and ever-expanding.

• The Earth was flat and at the center of the universe.

• The Earth was a sphere at the center of the universe.

• The Sun was at the center of the universe.

What did Ptolemy introduce to explain the motion of planets in his geocentric model?

• Elliptical orbits

• Heliocentric orbits

• Gravitational pull

• Epicycles and deferents

Why was the geocentric model favored by the Catholic Church?

• It was proposed by a famous astronomer.

• It was scientifically proven.

• It aligned with biblical texts.

• It was simpler to understand.

What was the revolutionary idea proposed by Copernicus?

• The Earth is flat.

• The Sun revolves around the Earth.

• The Earth revolves around the Sun.

• The universe is infinite.

What was a major challenge faced by Copernicus in proving the heliocentric model?

• Lack of mathematical tools

• Opposition from the Church

• Insufficient observational evidence

• Inability to build a telescope

Which instrument did Galileo use to make his astronomical discoveries?

• Telescope

• Compass

• Astrolabe

• Sextant

What did Galileo's observation of Venus' phases suggest?

• Venus revolves around the Earth.

• Venus revolves around the Sun.

• Venus is the center of the universe.

• Venus is stationary.

What was the consequence of Galileo's support for the heliocentric model?

• He became the Pope's advisor.

• He was exiled to another country.

• He was put on trial and found guilty.

• He was awarded by the Church.

What did Kepler discover about planetary orbits?

• They are triangular.

• They are square-shaped.

• They are elliptical.

• They are perfectly circular.

What did Newton contribute to the heliocentric theory?

• The Law of Universal Gravitation

• The concept of epicycles

• The geocentric model

• The idea of deferents