Virus Replication and Life Cycles

What are the five general stages of virus replication?

• Adsorption, Penetration, Synthesis, Assembly, Lysis

• Attachment, Injection, Replication, Maturation, Release

• Binding, Entry, Transcription, Translation, Budding

• Infection, Growth, Division, Spore formation, Death

What characterizes the lytic cycle of virus reproduction?

• The host cell dies after new viruses are formed.

• The viral genetic material integrates into the host cell's DNA.

• The virus replicates without harming the host cell.

• The host cell's defense mechanisms are stronger than the viral infection.

Under what conditions does the lytic cycle typically occur?

• When the host cell's defense is strong.

• When the viral infection is weak.

• When the host cell's defense is weak compared to the viral infection.

• When the virus is in a dormant state within the host.

How does a virus attach to a host cell during the adsorption stage of the lytic cycle?

• It uses its tail sheath to create a hole.

• It injects its genetic material directly.

• It attaches to receptor sites on the host cell using its tail fibers.

• It fuses with the host cell membrane.

What happens to the viral capsid during the penetration stage of the lytic cycle?

• It enters the host cell along with the genetic material.

• It remains outside the host cell.

• It is broken down by host enzymes.

• It integrates into the host cell's DNA.

What is the primary event during the synthesis stage of the lytic cycle?

• The host cell's DNA is replicated.

• New viral particles are assembled.

• Viral genetic material and proteins are formed.

• The host cell bursts, releasing new viruses.

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down the host cell wall during the lysis stage?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA replicase

• Lysozyme

• Protease

What is a key characteristic of the lysogenic cycle of virus reproduction?

• It always results in the immediate death of the host cell.

• It involves the destruction of the host cell's genetic material.

• It does not involve the destruction or death of the host cell.

• It is exclusive to virulent viruses.

What is formed when viral genetic material integrates into the host cell's DNA during the lysogenic cycle?

• A virion

• A capsid

• A prophage

• A plasmid

What can cause a prophage to detach from the host cell's genetic material and enter the lytic cycle?

• Increased host cell defense.

• Exposure to UV radiation.

• Decreased viral infection strength.

• Spontaneous mutation in the host cell.