APES Review: Unit 3 on Populations

Which type of species is more adaptable to new environments?

• Generalist species

• Endangered species

• Extinct species

• Specialist species

What is a characteristic of R-selected species?

• High adaptability to stable environments

• Long lifespan and late reproduction

• Many offspring with little to no parental care

• Few offspring with parental care

What does a Type I survivorship curve indicate?

• Rapid population growth

• Low mortality until old age

• Equal chance of dying at any age

• High mortality in early life stages

What happens when a population overshoots its carrying capacity?

• The population stabilizes

• The population continues to grow exponentially

• The carrying capacity increases

• A large die-off occurs

Which distribution pattern is most common in nature?

• Isolated distribution

• Clumped distribution

• Uniform distribution

• Random distribution

What is a density-independent factor?

• Disease

• Predation

• Natural disaster

• Competition for resources

What does a bottom-heavy age structure diagram indicate?

• Aging population

• Rapidly growing population

• Declining population

• Stable population

What is the replacement level fertility in most countries?

• 3.0

• 2.1

• 1.5

• 4.2

What is the rule of 70 used for?

• Calculating birth rates

• Measuring population density

• Estimating carrying capacity

• Determining doubling time

In which stage of demographic transition do birth rates drop significantly?

• Stage 3: Industrialized

• Stage 2: Industrializing

• Stage 4: Post-industrial

• Stage 1: Pre-industrial