Cryptographic Attacks

What is the primary focus of cryptographic attacks when the attacker doesn't have the encryption key?

• To find the encryption key through brute force.

• To break the cryptography itself.

• To intercept the encrypted data during transmission.

• To guess the combination to the safe.

What is the approximate chance of two students sharing a birthday in a classroom of 23 students?

• About 10%

• About 25%

• About 50%

• About 75%

In the digital world, what is a hash collision?

• When two different plaintexts produce the same hash value.

• When an attacker uses brute force to find a key.

• When an encryption algorithm fails to encrypt data.

• When a single plaintext produces multiple hash values.

When were collisions first identified in the MD5 hash algorithm?

• April 1992

• 1996

• December 2008

• After 2010

What is the primary goal of a downgrade attack?

• To force systems to use stronger encryption.

• To prevent any communication between devices.

• To force systems to use weaker or no encryption.

• To steal physical hardware from a system.

What type of attack combines an on-path attack with a downgrade attack?

• Man-in-the-middle attack

• SSL stripping

• Denial-of-service attack

• Phishing attack

In an SSL stripping attack, what protocol is typically used for the initial request from the website visitor to the attacker?

• HTTPS

• FTP

• HTTP

• SSH

What information is vulnerable to capture and modification by an attacker during an SSL stripping attack?

• Only encrypted data between the attacker and the web server.

• Only the initial HTTP request.

• All subsequent communication between the website visitor and the attacker.

• Only the web server's responses.