AP Bio Topic 2.9

What is the primary reason cells are small?

• To increase their volume relative to their surface area.

• To decrease their surface area relative to their volume.

• To maximize their surface area to volume ratio.

• To minimize their surface area to volume ratio.

Why can cells not be infinitely small?

• They would not be able to maintain their shape.

• They would lack sufficient space for hereditary material and cellular machinery.

• They would be unable to interact with their environment.

• They would become too dense to function.

How do eukaryotic cells achieve greater size and complexity compared to prokaryotic cells?

• Through increased cell wall thickness.

• By having a simpler internal structure.

• Through compartmentalization, allowing for specialization and increased internal surface area.

• By reducing their metabolic rate.

What characteristic do Bacteria and Archaea share that contributes to their similar appearance?

• They are both eukaryotic cells.

• They have similar life strategies and are incredibly small.

• They possess complex internal organelles.

• They are closely related genetically.

What similarity exists between mitochondria and prokaryotes like bacteria and archaea?

• They both contain a nucleus.

• They are approximately the same size.

• They are both capable of independent life.

• They both primarily function in detoxification.

What are the main benefits of compartmentalization within a cell?

• Decreased surface area and reduced specialization.

• Increased surface area and increased specialization.

• Faster waste removal and slower nutrient absorption.

• Simplified cellular processes and reduced energy consumption.

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

• Detoxification of harmful substances.

• Regulation of calcium ion concentration.

• Synthesis of proteins.

• Metabolism of carbohydrates.

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

• Producing proteins.

• Breaking down toxins.

• Storing genetic material.

• Digesting cellular waste.