Enzyme Function and Structure

What are enzymes primarily made of?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

What is the specific region on an enzyme where a substrate binds called?

• Binding pocket

• Active site

• Reaction center

• Catalytic groove

What term describes the process where an enzyme's active site changes shape slightly to better fit its substrate upon binding?

• Lock and Key model

• Allosteric regulation

• Induced fit

• Competitive inhibition

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?

• To provide energy for reactions

• To slow down reactions

• To speed up reactions

• To change the products of reactions

Which suffix is commonly found at the end of enzyme names?

• -ose

• -ase

• -ide

• -ate

Lactose is a disaccharide. What two simpler sugar molecules does the enzyme lactase break it down into?

• Sucrose and Fructose

• Glucose and Fructose

• Galactose and Glucose

• Maltose and Glucose

Why are enzymes considered catalysts?

• They are consumed during reactions

• They are only used once

• They increase the activation energy of reactions

• They can be used repeatedly in reactions

Which type of enzyme is responsible for breaking down lipids (fats) in the digestive system?

• Amylase

• Protease

• Lipase

• Cellulase

What are the essential non-protein helpers that assist enzymes in their function, often including metal ions or organic molecules like vitamins?

• Substrates

• Products

• Cofactors and Coenzymes

• Inhibitors

What happens to an enzyme when it is exposed to conditions outside its ideal pH or temperature range, causing its shape to become distorted and lose function?

• It becomes activated

• It denatures

• It crystallizes

• It synthesizes