Which statement accurately describes the genetic information in different cells of an organism?

• Each cell type contains a unique set of genes.

• All cells contain the same genetic code, but express different genes based on their function.

• Only specialized cells, like heart cells, contain the full genetic code.

• Genetic information changes as cells mature and specialize.

What is the primary purpose of gene regulation in cells?

• To ensure all genes are expressed equally at all times.

• To determine which proteins are made, and when and where they are created.

• To prevent any genes from being expressed.

• To randomly select genes for protein synthesis.

What is the correct sequence of events for protein synthesis from a gene?

• mRNA → DNA → Amino acids → Protein

• DNA → Translation → mRNA → Transcription → Protein

• DNA → Transcription → mRNA → Translation → Amino acids → Protein

• Amino acids → mRNA → DNA → Protein

What happens if an mRNA molecule takes a long time to break down in a cell?

• It will be translated into more copies of a protein.

• It will be broken down more quickly.

• It will prevent translation from occurring.

• It will change the DNA sequence.

Which of the following best describes epigenetic mechanisms?

• Heritable modifications to gene expression that directly change the underlying DNA sequence.

• Heritable modifications to gene expression that don't directly change the underlying DNA sequence.

• Non-heritable modifications to gene expression that change the underlying DNA sequence.

• Non-heritable modifications to gene expression that don't change the underlying DNA sequence.

How do histone modifications affect gene expression?

• They directly alter the DNA sequence to activate genes.

• They expose certain genes for transcription and hide others.

• They break down mRNA molecules before translation.

• They add methyl groups to the DNA, turning genes off.

What is the typical effect of DNA methylation on gene expression?

• It turns genes on by making them more accessible for transcription.

• It turns genes off by condensing histones or blocking transcription factors.

• It causes mutations in the DNA sequence.

• It increases the stability of mRNA molecules.