Natural Hazards and Resilience Concepts

Which of the following natural hazards are commonly experienced along the Pacific Coast of the United States?

• Hurricanes, coastal flooding, and storm surges

• Earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis

• Tornadoes, droughts, and blizzards

• Heatwaves, wildfires, and landslides

What is the primary factor that transforms a natural event into a natural hazard?

• The event's magnitude and duration.

• The event's frequency of occurrence.

• The potential impact of the event on human systems and people.

• The geological processes driving the event.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary driver of physical events that contribute to natural hazards?

• Meteorological events

• Biological events

• Geological events

• Hydrological events

When evaluating a natural hazard, which three main dimensions do geographers typically consider?

• Location, population density, and economic impact

• Magnitude, time, and space

• Vulnerability, preparedness, and response

• Climate, topography, and human settlement

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How did the Onge tribe on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands survive the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami?

• They built seawalls to protect their settlements.

• They received early warnings from international aid organizations.

• They moved to higher ground deep in their forest based on oral traditions.

• They were evacuated by the government before the tsunami hit.

In the context of disaster preparedness, what is resilience defined as?

• A system's ability to completely prevent natural disasters.

• A system's ability to absorb shocks and disturbances, but still maintain its current functioning and bounce back from adverse events.

• The speed at which a community rebuilds infrastructure after a disaster.

• The financial resources available to a community for disaster recovery.

How did traditional town planning and land use in the Kathmandu Valley contribute to social resilience during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake?

• It led to the construction of earthquake-proof buildings.

• It fostered a strong sense of community, allowing open spaces to be used for evacuation and refuge.

• It ensured rapid international aid delivery.

• It minimized the overall damage to infrastructure.

What characteristic of traditional architecture in some towns in Nepal contributes to earthquake resilience?

• Exclusive use of concrete and steel for maximum rigidity.

• Construction of buildings with very deep foundations.

• Use of mixed timber and masonry construction designed to absorb external forces and withstand displacement.

• Buildings designed to collapse safely without harming occupants.