Gilded Age Immigration and Labor Trends

Which city experienced the most significant proportional population growth between 1860 and 1900?

• Boston

• Philadelphia

• Chicago

• New York

By what year did urban residents in the United States first outnumber country dwellers?

• 1860

• 1880

• 1900

• 1920

What significant change occurred in the American labor market by 1880 during the Gilded Age?

• Independent workers outnumbered wage workers.

• Wage workers outnumbered independent workers.

• The majority of jobs required specialized training.

• Agricultural jobs became more prevalent than factory jobs.

Which of the following best describes the "new immigrants" who arrived in American cities during the Gilded Age?

• They were primarily Protestant Christians from Northern and Western Europe.

• They tended to be financially well-off and skilled laborers.

• They often came from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, and Mexico, were poorer, and practiced different religions.

• They mostly settled in rural areas to pursue farming opportunities.

What was a significant "push factor" that led many people to move from rural areas or other countries to American cities?

• Availability of industrial jobs

• Established communities of support

• Mechanization of agriculture

• Access to diverse cultural entertainment

Which of the following was a primary "pull factor" attracting people to American cities during this period?

• Widespread availability of farmland

• Opportunities for industrial employment

• Decreased cost of living

• Strict immigration laws

How did existing immigrant communities in cities act as a "pull factor" for new arrivals?

• They offered free housing and food to all newcomers.

• They provided financial aid and information to help new immigrants settle.

• They enforced strict cultural assimilation policies.

• They discouraged further immigration to avoid overcrowding.

What was a notable aspect of Lee Chew's experience as an immigrant in San Francisco?

• He immediately became a successful entrepreneur.

• He struggled to learn English and adapt to American customs.

• He worked as a house servant, saved money, and sent funds to his family.

• He faced extreme starvation and never found stable employment.

Mary Antin's account of her immigration to Boston highlights her family's efforts to:

• Preserve their traditional Belarusian culture exclusively.

• Quickly assimilate into American society.

• Establish a separate, independent community.

• Return to their home country after a short period.