DNA Structure and Function Concepts

What are the two primary types of nucleic acids found in living organisms?

• Proteins and Lipids

• DNA and RNA

• Carbohydrates and Fats

• Amino acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic acids are large molecules made up of smaller repeating units. What are these smaller units called?

• Amino acids

• Monosaccharides

• Nucleotides

• Fatty acids

A DNA nucleotide is composed of three main parts. Which of the following correctly lists these parts?

• Amino acid, phosphate group, ribose sugar

• Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar

• Fatty acid, glycerol, nitrogenous base

• Ribose sugar, phosphate group, amino acid

In a deoxyribose sugar molecule, which carbon atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom, distinguishing it from ribose sugar?

• Carbon #1

• Carbon #2

• Carbon #3

• Carbon #5

Which of the following pairs represents purine bases found in DNA?

• Cytosine and Thymine

• Adenine and Guanine

• Adenine and Cytosine

• Guanine and Thymine

What is the characteristic structural shape of a DNA molecule?

• Single-stranded helix

• Triple helix

• Double-stranded helix

• Linear chain

In DNA, how many hydrogen bonds typically form between adenine and thymine?

• One

• Two

• Three

• Four

DNA is often referred to as the "information molecule" because it contains the master code for what?

• Producing energy for the cell

• Breaking down waste products

• Making RNA and protein molecules

• Transporting substances across cell membranes

What is the primary difference in the sugar component of an RNA nucleotide compared to a DNA nucleotide?

• RNA has a 6-carbon sugar, DNA has a 5-carbon sugar.

• RNA has a deoxyribose sugar, DNA has a ribose sugar.

• RNA has a ribose sugar with an -OH group on carbon #2, DNA has a deoxyribose sugar with an -H on carbon #2.

• RNA has a sugar with no oxygen, DNA has a sugar with oxygen.

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but is replaced by thymine in DNA?

• Adenine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Uracil