Rock Layers

What is the primary difference between absolute dating and relative dating in geology?

• Absolute dating uses radioactive decay, while relative dating uses carbon dating.

• Absolute dating determines the actual age of a rock or fossil, while relative dating determines the sequence of events.

• Absolute dating compares the age of two rocks, while relative dating gives a specific numerical age.

• Absolute dating is used for rocks, while relative dating is used for fossils.

Which statement is an example of relative dating?

• The trilobite fossil is 489 million years old.

• The red car costs $90,000 and the silver car costs $15,000.

• The trilobite fossil is older than the dinosaur tooth fossil.

• This layer of sandstone is 225 million years old.

What does the Law of Uniformitarianism state?

• Geological processes observed today are different from those that occurred in the past.

• Geological processes observed today have operated in a similar manner throughout Earth's history.

• The Earth's history can only be understood through catastrophic events.

• The age of rocks can be determined by comparing their layers.

What is the primary purpose of analyzing geologic cross-sections?

• To determine the exact numerical age of each rock layer.

• To identify the types of rocks present in a specific area.

• To understand the sequence of geological events that formed the rock layers in a region.

• To predict future volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

Where does the weathering and erosion of rock layers primarily occur?

• Deep within the Earth's crust

• On the surface of the Earth

• Underneath large bodies of water

• Within volcanic vents

What does the Law of Superposition state about the age of rock layers in an undisturbed sequence?

• The top layers are always the oldest.

• The bottom layers are always the youngest.

• The layers on the bottom are the oldest.

• All layers are approximately the same age.

What does the Law of Original Horizontality state about sedimentary layers?

• They are always deposited vertically.

• They are generally deposited horizontally.

• They are formed by volcanic activity.

• They are typically found in a folded state.

What is the relative age of an igneous intrusion compared to the rock layers it affects?

• It is always older than the affected rocks.

• It is always younger than the affected rocks.

• Its age cannot be determined relative to the affected rocks.

• It is the same age as the affected rocks.

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What metamorphic rock is formed when shale undergoes contact metamorphism?

• Slate

• Schist

• Hornfels

• Quartzite