Foundations of Psychology Concepts

What is the modern definition of psychology?

• The study of the soul.

• The science of behavior and mental processes.

• The study of human consciousness.

• The analysis of dreams and personality.

Where did Aristotle believe the seat of human consciousness was located?

• The brain

• The heart

• The stomach

• The liver

Who established the first psychology laboratory in Germany in 1879?

• Sigmund Freud

• William James

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Edward Bradford Titchener

What was the main approach of structuralism in psychology?

• Focusing on the function of behavior.

• Analyzing dreams and unconscious desires.

• Understanding the structures of consciousness through introspection.

• Treating mental illness with talking cures.

What technique did Sigmund Freud use to help patients explore their minds by saying whatever came to mind?

• Dream analysis

• Free association

• Cognitive restructuring

• Behavioral conditioning

What was a radical idea introduced by psychoanalysis about human personality?

• Personalities are entirely genetic.

• Personalities are shaped by unconscious motives.

• Personalities are formed solely through observable behaviors.

• Personalities are fixed from birth and cannot change.

How did Sigmund Freud's talk therapy change the treatment of mental disorders?

• It led to the use of medication as the primary treatment.

• It encouraged confining patients to sanatoriums for life.

• It introduced the idea that mental disorders could be healed through self-discovery.

• It focused on physical restraints and manual labor for patients.

What did behaviorism, a major force in psychology during the first half of the 20th century, primarily focus on studying?

• Unconscious desires and dreams.

• Observable behavior.

• Personal growth and self-actualization.

• Brain structures and neurological processes.