Which of the following is NOT considered one of the four main branches of engineering?

• Civil

• Mechanical

• Electrical

• Aerospace

What is the primary goal of Industrial Engineers when optimizing a system like an assembly line?

• Maximizing profit for shareholders

• Minimizing environmental impact

• Improving quality, delivery-time, and cost

• Developing new machine designs

Frederick Winslow Taylor, known as the father of Industrial Engineering, introduced what concept to improve factory efficiency?

• Automation

• Time study

• Robotics

• Supply chain management

In addition to biology, what other fields of knowledge are crucial for biomedical engineers?

• History and Literature

• Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

• Philosophy and Sociology

• Fine Arts and Music

Who discovered X-rays in 1895 while experimenting with electric current flow?

• Marie Curie

• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

• Thomas Edison

• Alexander Fleming

When did biomedical engineering begin to be recognized as a formal academic discipline in the United States?

• 1895

• 1945

• 1961

• 1970

What is the primary purpose of biological modeling in biomedical engineering?

• To create artificial organs for transplantation.

• To simulate the human body for experiments without using real people.

• To develop new surgical techniques.

• To analyze patient data more efficiently.

What is the main goal of cell encapsulation in cell-based therapies?

• To enhance the body's immune response to transplanted cells.

• To protect transplanted cells from the host's immune system.

• To increase the size of transplanted cells.

• To make transplanted cells more visible during imaging.