The fall of the Ottoman Empire

What was the primary goal of the Young Turk Revolution in July 1908?

• To establish an absolute monarchy

• To abolish the Ottoman Empire entirely

• To re-establish a constitutional monarchy

• To join the Anglo-Russian Convention

What did Sultan Abdul Hamid II promise to restore during his counter-coup attempt in 1909?

• A democratic republic

• The Ottoman Caliphate and Sharia legal system

• A new parliamentary system

• Alliance with European powers

Which countries formed the Balkan League during the First Balkan War?

• Turkey, Italy, Greece, and Albania

• Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and Greece

• Romania, Serbia, Greece, and Bulgaria

• Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

What territories did Italy gain from the Ottoman Empire after the Italo-Turkish War?

• Macedonia and Albania

• Serbia and Montenegro

• Libya and the Dodecanese Islands

• Bulgaria and Greece

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Who advised the Ottoman Minister of War against joining either side of World War I, and who insisted on joining the Triple Alliance?

• Rifat Pasha advised against, Enver Pasha insisted

• Liman von Sanders advised against, Talaat Pasha insisted

• Ahmed Izzet Pasha advised against, Mustafa Kemal insisted

• Mehmed VI advised against, Enver Pasha insisted

What was the earliest military action taken by the Ottomans during World War I that led to declarations of war from Russia, Great Britain, and France?

• An attack on Gallipoli

• An attack on the Russian Black Sea coast

• An offensive in the Balkan theater

• A revolt in Arab territories

What agreement officially ended the Ottoman Empire's involvement in World War I?

• The Treaty of Sèvres

• The Armistice of Mudros

• The Treaty of Lausanne

• The Armistice of Mudanya

Why was the Treaty of Sèvres, which aimed to partition the Ottoman Empire, never ratified?

• It was rejected by the Allied Powers due to internal disagreements.

• It was replaced by the Armistice of Mudros before it could be ratified.

• An increasing nationalist movement throughout Turkey prevented its ratification.

• The Ottoman Sultan refused to sign the treaty, rendering it void.