The Endocrine System

What caused Robert Wadlow's exceptional height?

• A genetic mutation in his bone structure.

• An overactive thyroid gland.

• A tumor on his pituitary gland leading to excessive growth hormone.

• A diet rich in growth-promoting nutrients.

Which communication system is analogous to sending a Facebook status update that is broadcast to many, with a potential delay before responses?

• The nervous system

• The circulatory system

• The endocrine system

• The lymphatic system

How do lipid-soluble hormones typically interact with target cells?

• They bind to protein receptors on the cell surface.

• They are unable to enter the cell and only affect external processes.

• They move directly through the cell membrane to bind with internal receptors.

• They are transported into the cell via active transport channels.

What is the primary function of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland?

• Regulating cell growth.

• Controlling water balance in the body.

• Influencing metabolism.

• Establishing the body's circadian rhythm.

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining water balance in the body by promoting fluid retention?

• Melatonin

• Growth Hormone (GH)

• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

• Calcitonin

What are the primary functions of hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

• Regulating circadian rhythm and cell growth

• Controlling water balance and anti-inflammatory responses

• Regulating metabolism and lowering blood calcium

• Raising blood calcium and triggering fight or flight

How do the hormones secreted by the pancreas regulate blood sugar levels?

• Insulin raises blood sugar, glucagon lowers it

• Insulin lowers blood sugar, glucagon raises it

• Both insulin and glucagon lower blood sugar

• Both insulin and glucagon raise blood sugar

What is the primary role of glucocorticoids and epinephrine, hormones produced by the adrenal glands?

• Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism, epinephrine controls water balance

• Glucocorticoids trigger fight or flight, epinephrine lowers blood sugar

• Glucocorticoids act as anti-inflammatories, epinephrine triggers fight or flight

• Glucocorticoids promote cell growth, epinephrine regulates circadian rhythm