Bioenergetics

What is the primary focus of bioenergetics in living systems?

• The study of genetic inheritance.

• How organisms maintain structural integrity.

• The utilization of free energy.

• The process of cellular reproduction.

Which statement accurately describes the First Law of Thermodynamics?

• Energy can be created but not destroyed.

• Energy is constantly being lost from the universe.

• Energy can be converted from one form to another but not created or destroyed.

• Energy always flows from a colder to a warmer body.

How does the process of evolution, which leads to increased complexity in organisms, relate to the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

• Evolution directly violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

• Evolution increases local order, but the overall entropy of the universe still increases.

• The Second Law of Thermodynamics only applies to non-living systems.

• Evolution decreases the total energy of the universe.

For a chemical reaction to be spontaneous, what must be true about the change in Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)?

• ΔG must be positive.

• ΔG must be zero.

• ΔG must be negative.

• ΔG is unrelated to spontaneity.

What does a negative change in Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG < 0) indicate about a chemical reaction?

• The reaction is non-spontaneous.

• The reaction is at equilibrium.

• The reaction is spontaneous.

• The reaction requires energy input.

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

• It absorbs energy from its surroundings.

• It releases energy into its surroundings.

• It is at equilibrium and has no net energy change.

• It requires a continuous input of energy to proceed.

Photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction. What does this imply about the energy changes during photosynthesis?

• It releases energy, resulting in a negative ΔG.

• It absorbs energy, resulting in a positive ΔG.

• It is at equilibrium, with ΔG equal to zero.

• It proceeds spontaneously without external energy.

How are the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

• The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.

• The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration.

• They share no common reactants or products.

• Both processes produce the same energy-carrying molecules.