Heredity

What is heredity?

• The study of ancient genetic traits

• The passing on of genetic traits from parents to offspring

• The blending of parental traits in offspring

• The process of DNA replication

What was Aristotle's early theory about how traits are passed from parents to offspring?

• Traits are passed through highly purified menstrual blood

• Offspring are a mixture of parents' traits, with the father supplying life force and the mother supplying building blocks

• Traits are determined by specific genes on chromosomes

• Traits are randomly inherited from either parent

Who was the Austrian monk credited with being the first to study heredity in a modern way?

• Charles Darwin

• Aristotle

• Gregor Mendel

• Louis Pasteur

How do somatic cells and gametes differ in terms of chromosome sets?

• Somatic cells are haploid, and gametes are diploid

• Both somatic cells and gametes are diploid

• Somatic cells are diploid, and gametes are haploid

• Both somatic cells and gametes are haploid

What describes a situation where one allele completely masks the expression of another allele?

• Recessiveness

• Codominance

• Dominance

• Incomplete dominance

If an individual inherits one allele for wet earwax (W) and one allele for dry earwax (w), what is their genotype for this trait?

• Homozygous dominant

• Homozygous recessive

• Heterozygous

• Phenotypic dominant

What term describes a single gene that influences multiple distinct phenotypic traits, such as earwax type and body odor?

• Polygenic trait

• Mendelian trait

• Pleiotropic gene

• Autosomal gene

Why are men more likely to experience baldness caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome compared to women?

• Men have two X chromosomes, increasing the chance of inheriting the recessive allele.

• Women have a Y chromosome that counteracts the baldness allele.

• Men only need one recessive allele on their single X chromosome to express the trait.

• The baldness allele is dominant in men but recessive in women.