Tsunamis and Tectonic Plate Movement

What happens to a tsunami wave as it approaches the shore where water depth decreases?

• Its speed increases, and its amplitude decreases.

• Its speed decreases, and its amplitude increases.

• Its speed and amplitude both remain constant.

• Its speed increases, and its wavelength decreases.

What causes the continuous movement of tectonic plates?

• The gravitational pull of the moon.

• Convective heat transfer in the Earth's molten core.

• The rotation of the Earth.

• Ocean currents and tides.

Where are most earthquake-prone areas located on Earth?

• In the center of continental landmasses.

• Along the boundaries where two tectonic plates meet.

• In deep ocean trenches far from land.

• Near active volcanoes, regardless of plate boundaries.

What phenomenon explains why a tsunami wave's amplitude significantly increases as it approaches the shore?

• Wave refraction.

• Wave diffraction.

• Wave shoaling.

• Wave reflection.

What was the approximate height of the waves in some places during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami?

• 6 meters

• 9 meters

• 25 meters

• 30 meters

What is considered the major cause of tsunamis?

• Underwater earthquakes

• Volcanic eruptions

• Landslides

• Meteorite impacts

How do tsunami early warning systems detect changes in water levels?

• By using sonar from ships

• Through visual observation from coastal towers

• With pressure sensors on the ocean floor

• By analyzing satellite images of wave patterns

What was the predicted height of the 2011 tsunami by Japan's early warning system, compared to its actual height?

• Predicted 3 meters, actual 5-10 meters

• Predicted 3 meters, actual 15 meters

• Predicted 5-10 meters, actual 15 meters

• Predicted 15 meters, actual 30 meters