Muscle Physiology and Function

What type of energy conversion occurs in muscle tissues to produce movement?

• Thermal to electrical energy

• Chemical potential to mechanical energy

• Light to chemical energy

• Electrical to thermal energy

What are the three main types of muscle tissue found in the human body?

Which characteristic best describes smooth muscle tissue?

• Striated, voluntary, found in the heart

• Short tapered cells, no striations, involuntary

• Long multinucleate parallel cells, voluntary

• Striated, one nucleus per cell, involuntary

Besides muscle tissue, what other components make up a skeletal muscle, classifying it as an organ?

• blood vessels

• connective tissue

• nerve fibers

• bone marrow

What is the correct hierarchical organization of a skeletal muscle from smallest to largest component?

• Muscle fiber -> Myofibril -> Fascicle -> Muscle

• Myofibril -> Muscle fiber -> Fascicle -> Muscle

• Fascicle -> Myofibril -> Muscle fiber -> Muscle

• Muscle -> Fascicle -> Muscle fiber -> Myofibril

What is the outermost layer of dense connective tissue that wraps the entire muscle?

• Perimysium

• Endomysium

• Epimysium

• Sarcolemma

What are the two main types of myofilaments found within a sarcomere?

• Troponin

• Myosin

• Elastin

• Actin

True or False: When sarcomeres contract, Z lines move farther apart.

• True

• False

What is the primary role of ATP in muscle cells?

• To store genetic information

• To act as a molecular currency for energy

• To transport oxygen from hemoglobin to muscle cells

• To build muscle proteins

Why do muscle cells contain a large number of mitochondria?

• To produce proteins for muscle repair

• To store excess glucose

• To generate a large supply of ATP

• To regulate microtubule production during cell division