Subatomic Particles and Chemical Reactions

What are the three main subatomic particles that make up an atom?

• Nucleus, protons, and electrons

• Electrons, neutrons, and shells

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons

• Core, electrons, and shells

What characteristic do elements in the same column (group) of the periodic table share?

• The same number of electron shells

• The same atomic mass

• The same number of valence electrons

• The same number of protons

The periodic table roughly divides elements into which three categories?

• Solids, liquids, and gases

• Reactive, non-reactive, and inert

• Metals, nonmetals, and semimetals

• Light, medium, and heavy

When there is a large difference in electronegativity between two atoms, causing one atom to completely take an electron from the other, what type of bond is formed?

• Nonpolar covalent bond

• Polar covalent bond

• Metallic bond

• Ionic bond

What is the primary difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

• Covalent bonds form between metals, while ionic bonds form between nonmetals.

• Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, while ionic bonds involve transferring electrons.

• Ionic bonds are always stronger than covalent bonds.

• Covalent bonds only occur in gases, while ionic bonds occur in solids.

Why do water and oil not mix?

• Water is polar and oil is nonpolar.

• Water is nonpolar and oil is polar.

• Water is a liquid and oil is a solid.

• Water has a higher density than oil.

How do soap molecules help clean dirt and fat?

• They evaporate the dirt and fat.

• They have polar heads and nonpolar tails that surround dirt and fat, forming micelles.

• They chemically change the dirt and fat into water.

• They absorb the dirt and fat into their structure.

Which statement accurately describes the particles in a solid?

• Particles move freely and fill the entire volume of their container.

• Particles are tightly packed in a fixed structure and can only wiggle.

• Particles move freely but are confined to a fixed volume.

• Particles are ionized and exist at very high temperatures.

What is the main difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

• A physical change creates a new substance, while a chemical change only alters appearance.

• A physical change involves a change in temperature, while a chemical change does not.

• A physical change only alters the appearance of a substance, while a chemical change creates a new substance.

• A physical change is always reversible, while a chemical change is never reversible.

What type of chemical reaction releases heat into its surroundings?

• Endothermic reaction

• Exothermic reaction

• Spontaneous reaction

• Endergonic reaction