Biological Molecules and Their Functions

What are biological molecules primarily responsible for in living organisms?

• Providing structural support and genetic information.

• Acting as essential sources of energy, energy storage, and genetic instructions.

• Facilitating communication between cells and regulating body temperature.

• Breaking down waste products and maintaining water balance.

What was William Prout the first person to discover regarding urea?

• Its role in kidney stone formation.

• Its chemical composition.

• Its effect on blood pressure.

• Its presence in plant sap.

Which of the following categories was NOT part of William Prout's classification of foodstuffs?

• Saccharinous

• Oleaginous

• Vitreous

• Albuminous

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in living organisms?

• Building cell membranes.

• Storing genetic information.

• Serving as the main source of energy.

• Catalyzing biochemical reactions.

Where does the glucose that is fundamental to the global food chain originally come from?

• Volcanic activity.

• The sun.

• Deep-sea vents.

• Decomposition of organic matter.

What is the key difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?

• Monosaccharides are fats, while disaccharides are proteins.

• Monosaccharides are single sugar units, while disaccharides are two sugar units joined together.

• Monosaccharides are complex carbohydrates, while disaccharides are simple carbohydrates.

• Monosaccharides are found in animals, while disaccharides are found in plants.

What is the primary function of cellulose in plants?

• Energy storage.

• Genetic information transfer.

• Structural support.

• Hormone production.

How do human bodies primarily store excess carbohydrate energy for short-term use?

• As starch in the liver.

• As cellulose in muscle cells.

• As glycogen in muscles and the liver.

• As fructose in the bloodstream.

What characteristic do all lipids share?

• They dissolve in water

• They contain nitrogen

• They are non-polar

• They are complex carbohydrates

What are the main components that make up a triglyceride?

• Amino acids and phosphate groups

• Glycerol and fatty acids

• Glucose and fructose

• Carbon and hydrogen