Natural Selection - Crash Course Biology #14

What caused the population of dark-colored peppered moths to increase significantly in London during the Industrial Revolution?

• Darker moths were better at finding food in the polluted environment.

• The dark coloration helped moths hide from predators on soot-covered trees.

• Light-colored moths migrated away from London due to pollution.

• A new gene for dark coloration suddenly appeared in the moth population.

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

• The process where humans choose specific traits in animals for breeding.

• The random change in the frequency of alleles in a population.

• The process where inherited traits that help individuals survive and reproduce become more common in a population over time.

• The movement of individuals or genes from one population to another.

Why did finches on different Galapagos Islands have different beak shapes and sizes?

• The finches intentionally changed their beaks to match the available food.

• Each island's finches adapted their beaks over generations to efficiently eat the specific food sources available.

• Different finch species migrated to different islands based on their beak type.

• The finches' beaks changed randomly due to genetic mutations.

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic principles of natural selection?

• Populations have variations in phenotypes.

• Many variations are heritable.

• Individuals evolve over their lifetime.

• There is a struggle for existence due to limited resources.

What did Charles Darwin observe about the offspring of consanguineous pairs?

• They were stronger and healthier.

• They had more diverse genetic material.

• They were weaker and sickly.

• They showed increased resistance to diseases.

In the context of natural selection, what is the difference between an organism's phenotype and its genotype?

• Phenotype refers to the genetic form, while genotype refers to the physical form.

• Phenotype refers to the physical form, while genotype refers to the genetic form.

• Both phenotype and genotype refer to the physical characteristics of an organism.

• Both phenotype and genotype refer to the genetic makeup of an organism.

Which type of natural selection favors average traits and selects against extreme traits?

• Directional Selection

• Stabilizing Selection

• Disruptive Selection

• Sexual Selection

What type of selection occurs when extreme traits at both ends of the spectrum are favored, while common traits are selected against?

• Directional Selection

• Stabilizing Selection

• Disruptive Selection

• Artificial Selection