DNA Structure and Replication: Crash Course Biology #10

What type of molecule is DNA?

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

What are the individual building blocks that make up a DNA molecule called?

• Amino acids

• Monosaccharides

• Nucleotides

• Fatty acids

Which of the following is NOT a main component of a DNA nucleotide?

• A 5-carbon sugar molecule

• A phosphate group

• An amino acid

• A nitrogenous base

In a DNA double helix, which nitrogenous base always pairs with Adenine (A)?

• Guanine (G)

• Cytosine (C)

• Thymine (T)

• Uracil (U)

Who first discovered DNA, which he called nuclein, in 1869?

• James Watson

• Francis Crick

• Friedrich Miescher

• Rosalind Franklin

What important aspect of DNA structure did Rosalind Franklin help confirm using X-ray diffraction?

• That DNA contains genetic information.

• That the sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside of the structure.

• That DNA is made of proteins.

• That DNA is a triple helix.

Why is DNA replication an essential process in living organisms?

• To create new proteins for the cell.

• To repair damaged cell membranes.

• To make complete copies of DNA for new cells during division.

• To break down waste products in the cell.

What is the primary function of the enzyme helicase during DNA replication?

• To add new nucleotides to the DNA strand.

• To join DNA fragments together.

• To unwind the double helix and separate DNA strands.

• To create short RNA primers.