Genetic Mutations: Is Drinking Milk a Super Power?: Crash Course Biology #37

What is a mutation?

• A change in an organism's genetic code.

• A type of superhero power.

• A disease that only affects humans.

• A process that always creates harmful effects.

Which of the following can cause a mutation in an organism's DNA?

• Eating healthy foods.

• Exposure to UV radiation.

• Regular exercise.

• Sleeping for eight hours.

A mutation that occurs in an organism's sperm or egg cells and can be passed on to its offspring is called a(n) ________ mutation.

• Somatic

• Silent

• De novo

• Missense

What type of mutation occurs when one nucleotide is replaced by a different one in the DNA sequence?

• Frameshift mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Substitution mutation

• Deletion mutation

What happens to the genetic code if even one letter is added or removed from a DNA sequence?

• The code remains unchanged, but the protein folds differently.

• The entire reading frame shifts, leading to a completely different protein.

• Only the specific letter is affected, with no impact on the rest of the sequence.

• The DNA sequence becomes shorter, but the protein stays the same.

Which of the following is NOT always true about genetic mutations?

• They are changes to the genetic code.

• They can be beneficial.

• They always cause harm.

• They can have no noticeable effect.

How does the CRISPR/Cas9 system edit DNA?

• It uses a guide sequence to bind to a specific DNA section and then cuts or activates genes.

• It introduces healthy genes into cells using modified viruses.

• It randomly changes DNA sequences to create new traits.

• It removes entire chromosomes from a cell.

What is pharmacogenomics?

• The study of how genes are passed down through generations.

• The study of how genes affect the way medicine works and how the body responds to drugs.

• The process of creating new medicines from plant extracts.

• The method of identifying harmful mutations in DNA.