The Aldol and Claisen Reactions: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #44

What is the primary function of gluconeogenesis in the human body?

• To break down glucose for energy.

• To synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

• To store excess glucose as glycogen.

• To regulate insulin production.

Which of the following best describes an aldol molecule?

• A molecule with only an aldehyde functional group.

• A molecule with only a ketone functional group.

• A molecule containing both a carbonyl functional group and a beta-hydroxy group.

• A molecule formed by the addition of two different types of alcohols.

What is the overall process called when two carbonyl compounds combine and then lose a molecule of water?

• Aldol addition

• Aldol condensation

• Dehydration reaction

• Enolate formation

In an E1cB elimination mechanism, what is a key characteristic regarding the leaving group?

• The leaving group is always a strong base.

• The leaving group's departure is the rate-determining step.

• The leaving group is typically poor and its departure does not affect the reaction rate.

• The leaving group is protonated before it departs.

What type of intermediate is formed when the carboxylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride in the first step of the penicillin synthesis?

• A new anhydride

• An ester

• A ketone

• An enolate

In the intramolecular reaction during penicillin synthesis, which part of the molecule acts as the nucleophile to attack the acid anhydride carbon?

• The amide nitrogen

• The amide oxygen

• The carboxylic acid oxygen

• The chlorine atom

What is the ultimate product of a Claisen condensation reaction?

• An aldol

• A beta-hydroxy ketone

• A beta-keto ester

• An enone

To ensure a successful crossed Claisen condensation without a messy mixture of products, what characteristic should one of the substrates possess?

• It must be an aldehyde.

• It must have at least two alpha-hydrogens.

• It must be non-enolizable.

• It must be a ketone.