Biology of Human Reproduction

Which of the following is NOT a primary organ of the female reproductive system shown?

• Ovary

• Uterus

• Vagina

• Kidney

What are the two protective layers that a sperm cell must penetrate to reach the egg's nucleus?

• Cytoplasm and Nucleus

• Corona Radiata and Zona Pellucida

• Mitochondria and Acrosome Cap

• Fimbriae and Follicle

What is the primary function of DNA within a chromosome?

• To provide energy for cell division.

• To act as the blueprint for building body cells and determining traits.

• To transport the egg cell through the fallopian tube.

• To protect the egg from multiple sperm entries.

How is the egg cell transported through the fallopian tube after ovulation?

• By muscular contractions of the uterus.

• By the swimming motion of the egg itself.

• With the help of cilia and mucus.

• Through direct suction from the fimbriated end.

What happens to the Zona Pellucida immediately after a sperm successfully penetrates the egg?

• It expands to allow more sperm to enter.

• It undergoes a structural change to prevent further sperm entry.

• It dissolves completely, exposing the cytoplasm.

• It releases chemical signals to attract other sperm.

What is the immediate product of the fusion of male and female pronuclei, which then undergoes rapid cell division?

• Morula

• Blastocyst

• Zygote

• Gastrula

During the morula stage of embryonic development, what happens to the size of individual cells as the total number of cells increases?

• They increase in size.

• They remain the same size.

• They diminish in size.

• They first increase, then diminish.

Which part of the blastocyst is responsible for forming the placenta and other membranes, while the other part develops into the new human being?

• Embryoblast

• Blastocyst cavity

• Trophoblast

• Zona pellucida

Before a blastocyst can implant into the uterine lining, what crucial step must it undergo?

• It must divide into a morula.

• It must hatch from the zona pellucida.

• It must develop an amniotic cavity.

• It must form a non-cellular plug.

Which primary germ layer is responsible for forming the nervous system and the skin?

• Endoderm

• Mesoderm

• Ectoderm

• Hypoblast