DNA Structure & Replication

What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?

• To store energy for cellular processes.

• To provide structural support for cells.

• To contain all the information needed to build and maintain an organism.

• To transport nutrients throughout the body.

What are the three main components of a nucleotide, the building block of DNA?

• Amino acid, fatty acid, and glycerol.

• Sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

• Glucose, starch, and cellulose.

• Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate.

In a healthy strand of DNA, which nucleotide bases always pair together?

• Adenine with Guanine, and Cytosine with Thymine.

• Adenine with Cytosine, and Guanine with Thymine.

• Adenine with Thymine, and Guanine with Cytosine.

• Adenine with Adenine, and Guanine with Guanine.

Why is DNA replication considered 'semiconservative'?

• Because it only replicates half of the DNA molecule.

• Because each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

• Because it conserves energy during the replication process.

• Because it only occurs in certain types of cells.

What is the primary function of the helicase enzyme during DNA replication?

• Unwinds the DNA double helix

• Adds new complementary bases

• Connects DNA fragments together

• Proofreads newly synthesized DNA

How does DNA synthesis on the leading strand differ from that on the lagging strand?

• The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments.

• The leading strand moves away from the replication fork, while the lagging strand moves towards it.

• The lagging strand is synthesized by RNA polymerase, not DNA polymerase.

• The leading strand requires multiple primers, while the lagging strand only needs one.

What is the term for an uncorrected error in DNA replication that can be passed on to future cells or offspring?

• Mutation

• Transcription

• Translation

• Recombination

What are the short segments of newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand called?

• Okazaki fragments

• Replication bubbles

• Helicase segments

• Polymerase chains