Cellular Respiration and Glycolysis Concepts

What is cellular respiration and why is it important for living organisms?

• A process plants use to make food from sunlight

• A process that converts food into usable energy needed for survival

• A way cells store oxygen for later

• A method cells use to remove waste

What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?

• Water + carbon dioxide → glucose + oxygen

• Glucose → lactic acid + ATP

• Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP

• Oxygen + ATP → glucose + heat

What is the difference between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and splits glucose; the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria and processes acetyl-CoA

• Both occur in the mitochondria and break down oxygen

• Glycolysis produces carbon dioxide; the citric acid cycle splits glucose

• The citric acid cycle happens first, then glycolysis

How does glycolysis produce a net gain of ATP?

• It creates 2 ATP and uses none

• It produces 4 ATP and uses 4 ATP

• It produces 4 ATP but uses 2 ATP, resulting in a net gain of 2

• It uses 4 ATP and produces 2 ATP

What role do NADH and FADH₂ play in cellular respiration?

• They store glucose for later use

• They carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain

• They break down carbon dioxide

• They produce oxygen for ATP synthase

What is the function of the electron transport chain?

• To split glucose into pyruvate

• To create carbon dioxide

• To use electron energy to pump hydrogen ions and generate ATP through ATP synthase

• To turn ATP back into ADP

Why is oxygen crucial for efficient cellular respiration?

• It starts glycolysis

• It allows the electron transport chain to run; without it, only glycolysis and fermentation occur

• It powers ATP synthase directly

• It stores extra energy in the mitochondria

How do different types of food provide energy to the body?

• Only carbohydrates can be used in cellular respiration

• Carbs become glucose, while fats and proteins enter the process at different stages

• Fats turn directly into ATP without processing

• Proteins skip the mitochondria entirely

Why is understanding cellular respiration important for medical professionals?

• It helps them design medications for bones

• It helps diagnose and treat conditions related to mitochondrial and energy-production problems

• It explains why viruses attack cells

• It allows them to predict a patient’s blood type

How can temperature and oxygen availability affect cellular respiration?

• They only affect glycolysis

• They change the color of mitochondria

• They influence how efficiently cells produce ATP

• They stop the citric acid cycle but not the ETC