DNA Structure and Function Concepts

What is the main function of DNA in living organisms?

• To provide energy for cells.

• To store genetic instructions.

• To build muscle tissue.

• To transport oxygen in the blood.

Which three components make up a single nucleotide in DNA?

• A protein, a lipid, and a carbohydrate.

• A 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

• An amino acid, a fatty acid, and a glycerol.

• A sugar, a salt, and a vitamin.

In a DNA double helix, which nitrogenous bases always pair together?

• Adenine with Guanine, Cytosine with Thymine.

• Adenine with Cytosine, Guanine with Thymine.

• Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine.

• Adenine with Uracil, Guanine with Cytosine.

What is a key difference between RNA and DNA?

• RNA is a double-stranded molecule, while DNA is single-stranded.

• RNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while DNA contains ribose.

• RNA contains the nitrogenous base Uracil instead of Thymine.

• RNA is only found in the nucleus, while DNA is found in the cytoplasm.

Who was the Swiss biologist who first discovered DNA in 1869?

• James Watson

• Rosalind Franklin

• Friedrich Miescher

• Francis Crick

Which technique did Rosalind Franklin use to help understand the helical structure of DNA?

• Microscopy

• X-ray diffraction

• Chemical analysis

• Genetic sequencing

During DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the double helix by breaking the bonds between base pairs?

• DNA Polymerase

• RNA Primase

• Helicase

• DNA Ligase

What are the short segments of newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand called?

• Leading fragments

• Okazaki fragments

• Primer segments

• Replication forks