WHII: T14: Capitalism and Socialism

What was a key characteristic that distinguished industrial capitalism from mercantile capitalism?

• Mercantile capitalism focused on trade, while industrial capitalism focused on agriculture.

• Industrial capitalism involved investment in machines and technology for production, unlike mercantile capitalism.

• Mercantile capitalism was a global phenomenon, while industrial capitalism was limited to Europe.

• Industrial capitalism allowed for borrowing money, which was not possible under mercantile capitalism.

According to Joyce Appleby, what defines industrial capitalism?

• An economic system focused on global trade networks and merchant wealth.

• A cultural system rooted in the need of private investors to turn a profit.

• An economic system that relies on investment in machines and technology to increase production of marketable goods.

• A system where land is privatized to increase agricultural output.

Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the development of industrial capitalism in Britain?

• Britain's dominance on the seas and trade with its colonies.

• The English Civil War leading to fewer economic regulations.

• A decrease in agricultural productivity leading to higher food prices.

• Agricultural improvements from the Dutch, such as planting clover.

What was a consequence of the enclosure movement during the rise of industrial capitalism in Britain?

• Food prices increased, leading to less disposable income for workers.

• More people were needed to work in agriculture to feed the growing population.

• Many tenant farmers lost their livelihoods.

• The British Crown imposed more regulations on the economy.

What were the typical working and living conditions for laborers during the 19th century under industrial capitalism?

• Short workdays, safe environments, and comfortable housing.

• Long, monotonous workdays, dangerous conditions, and abject poverty.

• Flexible hours, good wages, and access to modern amenities.

• Community-based work, fair compensation, and adequate living spaces.

What were the two main branches of socialism that emerged in France, and how did they differ in their approach to societal change?

• Democratic and Authoritarian, with one advocating for elections and the other for strong leadership.

• Economic and Social, focusing on financial reform versus community welfare.

• Utopian and Revolutionary, with one rejecting violent action and the other embracing it.

• Anarchist and Communist, differing on the role of the state in society.

According to Karl Marx's theory of class struggle, what is the primary focus, and what role does conflict play in shaping social classes?

• The focus is on individual achievement, and conflict is a sign of societal failure.

• The focus is on the class itself, and conflict is a temporary disruption.

• The focus is on the struggle, and conflict is essential for classes to develop a sense of themselves.

• The focus is on economic cooperation, and conflict is to be avoided at all costs.

What was Marx's main criticism of capitalism regarding human nature and social interaction?

• Capitalism promotes individual freedom and self-reliance, which goes against human nature.

• Capitalism encourages collaboration and shared resources, but only for the wealthy.

• Capitalism replaces natural human collaboration with conflict, making it an unnatural system.

• Capitalism is too focused on material wealth, neglecting spiritual aspects of human nature.