CAUSES of the SECOND Great Awakening [APUSH Review]

What was a major difference in focus between the First and Second Great Awakenings?

• The First Great Awakening emphasized individual sin and conversion, while the Second Great Awakening focused on societal reform.

• The First Great Awakening spread throughout the entire country, while the Second Great Awakening was localized to specific regions.

• The First Great Awakening primarily created new Christian denominations, while the Second Great Awakening focused on growing existing ones.

• The First Great Awakening was led by non-Calvinist preachers, while the Second Great Awakening was led by Calvinist preachers.

How did the Second Great Awakening's religious teachings reflect the era's expansion of democracy?

• By promoting the idea of predestination, where God had already decided who would be saved.

• By emphasizing the innate goodness of humans and the possibility of salvation for all through belief and moral living.

• By limiting religious participation and leadership to a small, elite group of educated men.

• By discouraging the formation of new Christian denominations and promoting religious uniformity.

The rise of individualistic beliefs during the Second Great Awakening encouraged people to:

• Rely solely on established church hierarchies and traditional doctrines.

• Seek a personalized religious conversion and then direct that power toward societal reform.

• Prioritize communal worship and collective religious experiences over personal faith.

• Reject all forms of religious authority and embrace purely rationalistic thought.

Charles Grandison Finney, a prominent preacher during the Second Great Awakening, is known for:

• Advocating for Deism and a rationalistic, unemotional approach to faith.

• Delivering highly emotional sermons in urban areas and calling for social reforms like ending drunkenness and slavery.

• Emphasizing the Calvinist doctrine of predestination and the inherent sinfulness of humanity.

• Limiting his ministry to rural camp meetings and avoiding engagement with urban populations.