Sea-Based EMPIRES ESTABLISHED [AP World History Review—Unit 4 Topic 4]

What were the primary motivations for European states to develop maritime empires?

• To establish peaceful trade relations and cultural exchange.

• To acquire wealth, spread Christianity, and gain political power.

• To explore new scientific discoveries and map unknown territories.

• To form alliances with Asian powers against rival European nations.

Despite European dominance in the Indian Ocean trade network, what significant continuity was observed?

• European merchants completely replaced all existing Asian trade routes.

• Asian merchants ceased all trade activities due to European competition.

• Middle Eastern, South Asian, East Asian, and Southeast Asian merchants continued to use the trade network and often increased their wealth.

• Only European states benefited from the increased trade volume.

How did Tokugawa Japan respond to the increasing European presence and the spread of Christianity?

• They embraced European trade and actively promoted Christianity.

• They formed military alliances with European powers to expand their empire.

• They expelled Christian missionaries and suppressed the faith to maintain national unity.

• They adopted European political systems to strengthen their government.

What was the ultimate outcome of Ming China's approach to maritime trade, particularly concerning European involvement?

• China established a dominant position in global maritime trade.

• China adopted isolationist trade policies, largely shutting down sea-based trade.

• China formed strong trade partnerships with European nations.

• China successfully integrated European merchants into its existing tribute system.

What goods and labor did the Asante Empire primarily provide to European traders?

• Spices, textiles, and precious stones

• Gold, ivory, and enslaved laborers

• Timber, furs, and agricultural produce

• Silk, porcelain, and tea

To strengthen economic ties with Portuguese traders, what significant cultural change did the King of the Kongo undertake?

• Adopted Portuguese as the official language

• Converted to Christianity

• Established a new trade route to Europe

• Formed a military alliance with Portugal

Which pre-existing Inca labor system did the Spanish adapt to extract silver from mines in the Americas?

• Ayllu system

• Quipu system

• Mita system

• Chasqui system

What was a defining characteristic of chattel slavery as it developed in the Americas?

• It was a temporary contract for labor, usually lasting seven years.

• It allowed enslaved people to hold significant military or political positions.

• It was race-based and hereditary, treating enslaved individuals as property.

• It primarily focused on controlling the indigenous population for protection.