The Catholic (Counter) Reformation, Explained [AP Euro—Unit 2 Topic 5]

What was the primary motivation for the Catholic Church to initiate the Catholic Reformation?

• To expand its political power across Europe.

• To address the complaints raised by Protestants and reform the Church.

• To establish new trade routes and economic opportunities.

• To unify all European nations under a single religious authority.

What was a key purpose of the Jesuit Order, established during the Catholic Reformation?

• To lead military campaigns against Protestant states.

• To promote scientific research and discovery.

• To educate Catholics and prevent them from adopting Protestant doctrines.

• To negotiate peace treaties between warring religious factions.

What was the "Index of Prohibited Books" created by the Roman Inquisition during the Catholic Reformation?

• A catalog of all religious texts approved for Catholic study.

• A list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read.

• A collection of new theological works written by Catholic scholars.

• A guide for missionaries on which texts to distribute.

Which of the following was a doctrine reaffirmed by the Council of Trent in response to Protestant challenges?

• Salvation is achieved by faith alone.

• The Bible is the sole authority for religious truth.

• There are seven sacraments in the Church.

• The bread and wine in Mass are symbolic representations.