EUROPEAN Exploration [AP World History Review] Unit 4 Topic 2

What were the primary motivations for European states to sponsor maritime exploration between 1450 and 1750?

• Scientific curiosity, artistic expression, and democratic ideals.

• Gold, religious conversion, and national prestige.

• Agricultural expansion, technological advancement, and social equality.

• Humanitarian aid, environmental protection, and cultural exchange.

Which of the following best describes the Portuguese approach to empire building in the Indian Ocean region?

• Establishing large territorial colonies with extensive agricultural production.

• Focusing on converting indigenous populations to Christianity through large-scale missionary efforts.

• Creating a network of strategic trading posts to control key maritime trade routes.

• Forming military alliances with local rulers to dominate land-based trade.

What was a significant outcome of Spanish state-sponsored exploration, particularly following Christopher Columbus's voyages?

• The establishment of a direct sea route to Asia for trade.

• The discovery of vast gold and silver reserves in the Americas, leading to the enslavement of indigenous populations.

• The development of peaceful diplomatic relations with the Aztec and Inca Empires.

• The creation of a new economic system based on free trade and equal exchange.

How did the French approach to colonization in North America generally differ from that of the English?

• The French primarily focused on establishing permanent agricultural settlements, while the English prioritized fur trading.

• The French sought a Northwest Passage to Asia and, failing that, focused on establishing trading posts and fostering better relations with Native Americans, unlike the English who focused on permanent settlements.

• The French aimed to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, whereas the English were primarily interested in spreading Protestantism.

• The French established a larger and more centralized colonial administration compared to the English, who favored decentralized governance.