This German educator began the kindergarten movement. He believed the kindergarten teacher's personality was of great importance.

This theorist believed in Social Darwinism. Schools should compete again each other. Science and physical education were of value.

This theorist raised consciousness about exploitative conditions. The influence on today's schools is critical theory and liberation pedagogy.

This theorist believed in four distinct cognitive stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete-operational, and formal-operational.

This theorist recognized the importance of early childhood education. Three major types of activities included practical, sensory, and formal skills.

This theorist developed a progressive theory of urban and multicultural education. The theorist is the founder of the Hull-House.

This theorist believed in the natural environment. He wrote the book Emile. He identified five developmental stages.

This theorist believed children should be taught by caring teachers. Through object lessons, students learned about form, number, and names of objects.

This theorist believed instruction should occur in a sequence of steps: preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application.

This theorist believed in three levels of curriculum. The scientific method was the most effective process. Education is for personal and social growth.