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WorksheetsAPES Review # 1 2016
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 45mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The 3 macronutrients necessary for proper nutrition include
a)
chocolate, candy, and frosting
b)
animals, vegetables, and minerals
c)
carbs, fats, and proteins
d)
iron, vitamin A, and iodine
2.
The root cause of most food insecurity is
a)
poverty
b)
pollution
c)
lack of knowledge
d)
climate
3.
The root cause of most food insecurity is
a)
poverty
b)
pollution
c)
lack of knowledge
d)
climate
4.
The 3 main grain crops (in any order) grown in the US are:
a)
rice, kale, and corn
b)
wheat, barley, and hops
c)
corn, wheat, and rice
d)
hemp, corn, and rice
5.
Industrialized agriculture is associated with all of these, except:
a)
plantations
b)
polycultures
c)
maximizing crop yield
d)
greenhouses
6.
The most fertile soils take ___years to develop ___cm.
a)
10; 10
b)
100 ; 10
c)
1000 ; 1
d)
100,000 ; 0.1
7.
The order of soil horizons from top to bottom is
a)
O, E, C, B, A
b)
O, C, A, B, E
c)
O, A, E, B, C
d)
A, B, C, E, O
8.
The largest cause of soil erosion and removal of topsoil is/are
a)
flowing water
b)
strong wind
c)
industrial monooculture
d)
clear-cutting forests
9.
Desertification usually occurs when
a)
humans leave an area alone to undergo secondary succession
b)
soil productivity decreases due to drought and poor farming practices
c)
winds carry large amounts of sand from nearby deserts
d)
irrigation water is continually used in arid regions of the country
10.
Two major effects of soil erosion are
a)
water pollution and soil infertility
b)
desertification and salinization
c)
salinization and water pollution
d)
soil infertility and desertification
11.
excessive irrigation in drier climates leads to
a)
local and regional flash flooding
b)
increased water tables
c)
increased soil salinization
d)
increased crop yields
12.
The industrialized agriculture system shuts down without what key ingredient?
a)
cheap fossil fuel energy
b)
genetically modified organisms
c)
efficient food processing plants
d)
The Food Quality Protection Act
13.
The Food Quality Protection Act
a)
bans the use of DDT, dioxin, PCBs, and pesticides on all US produced food
b)
requires the EPA to reduce pesticide use when the effects on children is unknown
c)
regulates the use of genetically modified organisms inn food produced within the US
d)
encourages fast-food chains to report the ingredients on all food items they sell
14.
Under FIFRA...
a)
the EPA assesses health risks of active ingredients in pesticides
b)
all pesticides are registered with the FDA, EPA, and USDA
c)
the US may not use any pesticides that it produces by itself
d)
all food imported must pass strict guidelines for pesticides present
15.
Under the integrated pest management system, the first line of defense during an infestation is to use
a)
biologic methods
b)
DDT
c)
genetic engineering
d)
broad range pesticides
16.
Alternatives to using pesticides include (all of these except)
a)
using monocultures to single out pests
b)
using genetic engineering within plants
c)
using pheromones to lure pests
d)
using hot water to scald the pests
17.
Top-level predators often eat indirectly absorb toxins as a result of
a)
bioaccumulation
b)
persistence
c)
overnutrition
d)
biomagnification
18.
How does the location of Los Angeles make it more susceptible to pollution?
a)
Its tropical location causes high temperatures, which increases air pollution.
b)
Its location in a bowl formed by mountains causes air pollution to get trapped.
c)
Its location on a large, flat plain exposes it to the wind, which carries air pollution.
d)
Its coastal location exposes it to pollution from the sea.
19.
Dead zones, such as the one in the Gulf of Mexico that exists off the coast of Louisiana, are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
a)
a reduced number of shellfish
b)
fish die-off events
c)
low nitrogen concentrations
d)
low oxygen concentrations in the water
20.
The WHO estimates that approximately 1.1 billion people worldwide do not have access to sufficient safe-water supplies. This number represents about ____ of the world population.
a)
1/29
b)
1/3
c)
1/4
d)
1/6
21.
Tests on water can be used to indicate the likelihood of human wastewater contamination by testing for indicator species such as
a)
Cryptosporidium
b)
fecal coliform bacteria
c)
Vibrio Cholerae bacteria
d)
Influenza
22.
Given a feedlot of about 1200 cows, if an individual cow produces about 50 liters of manure a day, how many liters of manure would be produced in a month’s time?
a)
60 kL
b)
600 kL
c)
180 kL
d)
1800 kL
23.
Bacteria are beneficial to wastewater treatment because
a)
they naturally break down organic matter
b)
they help solid material to settle out of the wastewater
c)
the nutrients produced are beneficial to the treated water
d)
they aren't beneficial
24.
What substance is believed to be responsible for the development of eggs in the testes of some male fish?
a)
DDT
b)
PBDEs
c)
PCBs
d)
Reproductive hormones
25.
The material rotating in the North Pacific Gyre can best be described as
a)
solid waste composed of mostly plastics
b)
organic waste dumped from cruiseships
c)
medical waste dumped by the United States
d)
coal slag dumped by China
26.
The United States legislation that empowers the EPA to establish maximum contaminant levels in drinking water is
a)
The Clean Water Act
b)
The Safe Drinking Water Act
c)
The Clean Air Act
d)
The Superfund Act
27.
The difference between a point source and a nonpoint source of water pollution is...
a)
a nonpoint source is easily identifiable
b)
point sources can be targeted for reduction
c)
nonpoint sources tend to be factory outputs
d)
point sources tend to be agricultural in nature
28.
What causes acid rain?
a)
High concentrations of sulfuric or nitric acid from pollution
b)
Fertilizer use
c)
Pesticide use
d)
CFCs
29.
Acid rain can damage
a)
Drinking water sources
b)
Aquatic life
c)
Architecture/buildings
d)
All options are correct
30.
The ozone layer protects us from
a)
UV rays
b)
CFCs
c)
Increased atmospheric heat
d)
Decreased atmospheric heat
31.
The ozone layer is damaged by
a)
CFCs
b)
Increase in greenhouse gases
c)
Increased global temperatures
d)
Sulfuric and nitric acids
32.
Lead emissions since the early 1980s have
a)
Remained about the same.
b)
Decreased due to lead free gasoline.
c)
Increased because developing countries generally do not use lead free gasoline and are using automobiles at higher rates.
33.
Which air pollutant scars the lungs?
a)
Asbestos
b)
Radon
c)
Fungi
d)
Ozone
34.
When the air above is warmer than the air below, it is called a
a)
Temperature shift
b)
Temperature change
c)
Temperature inversion
d)
Temperature reversal
35.
Hazardous materials are discarded liquids and solids that are _______________.
a)
fatal to humans or laboratory animals in low doses
b)
toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic
c)
explosive
d)
any of these qualities
36.
The containment, cleanup, or remediation of abandoned toxic waste sites is governed by a program known as ______________.
a)
Superfund
b)
Superclean
c)
Superdump
d)
Federal Toxic Act
37.
According to federal law, companies that produce hazardous waste must track and account for the waste from its creation ________________.
a)
until they pass it along to someone else
b)
until its eventual disposal
c)
until the company closes
d)
until no one is paying attention
38.
A(n) _______________ is specially designed to safely hold municipal solid waste, construction debris, and some types of agricultural and industrial waste.
a)
sanitary landfill
b)
open dump
c)
waste pit
d)
dumpster
39.
Rainwater falling on a dump dissolves chemicals from the wastes, forming a liquid called _________________ that could pollute rivers, streams, and groundwater.
a)
liquid waste
b)
trash effluent
c)
leachate
d)
runoff
40.
Which method of waste disposal is most effective at reducing the volume of solid waste?
a)
burying
b)
burning
c)
recycling
41.
What is the biggest polluter to municipal soil waste? (our waste)
a)
paper
b)
plastic
c)
food scraps
d)
metal
42.
e-waste is harmful because it
a)
leaches heavy metals
b)
is highly reactive
c)
is ignitable
d)
cannot be recycled
43.
we don't want people to flush medication downy the toilet, why?
a)
we will dilute it out
b)
it ends up in the river and start biomagnification
c)
it costs too much to filter
d)
no problems with it
44.
Eutrophication
a)
The environment around an ocean becomes contaminated
b)
When an animal has a high level of pollution inside it
c)
When the ocean is polluted
d)
The enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical nutrients
45.
non-point source pollution can be from
a)
industry
b)
runoff
c)
pipes
d)
lakes
46.
The Clean Water Act was created
a)
so the government can make money
b)
to stop pollution
c)
set standards for pollution levels
d)
to make the lakes and rivers from fishable and swimmable
47.
Algae blooms come from
a)
nitrogen and oxygen
b)
phosphate and oxygen
c)
nitrogen and phosphate
d)
oxygen and carbon
48.
How is yield related to food efficiency?
a)
Yield is the resources put in to raising crops.
b)
Yield is the amount of food harvested.
c)
Yield is the area of land used to grow food.
49.
People in developing nations eat less of which 2 nutrients compared to developed nations?
a)
carbohydrates and lipids
b)
carbohydrates and proteins
c)
proteins and lipids
50.
What was the positive effect of the green revolution?
a)
excess use of fertilizer
b)
excess use of pesticides
c)
profit for small farms
d)
high yields of grains
51.
Overgrazing, excessive plowing, and high pressure irrigation systems all speed up what?
a)
desertification
b)
soil enrichment
c)
composting
d)
soil conservation
52.
Topsoil is lost due to which process.
a)
lying fallow
b)
leeching
c)
grazing
d)
erosion
53.
What is the term for chemicals used to kill insects, weeds, and other pests?
a)
insecticde
b)
herbicide
c)
pathogens
d)
pesticides
54.
What is the term for partially decomposed organic matter that works as a fertilizer?
a)
compost
b)
manure
c)
potash
d)
urea
55.
Cancer, nervous system disorders, and illness are all issues associated with use of what?
a)
chemical pesticides
b)
natural fertilizers
c)
genetically modified organisms
d)
organic foods
56.
With regards to persistence, what benefits does the Bt toxin (Bacillus thuringiensis) have over DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)?
a)
Insects do not develop resistance to Bt.
b)
Bt breaks down after a few days.
c)
DDT is biomagnified.
d)
Humans are unharmed by both of these chemicals.
57.
Which of these is not an ecosystem service?
a)
global nutrient cycling
b)
decomposition of waste
c)
vegetables from a farm
d)
fertile soil
58.
Limiting herd sizes, rotating herds, and multiple watering holes are all solutions to what?
a)
overfarming
b)
overgrazing
c)
deforestation
d)
global warming
59.
Clear cutting removes _____ trees, while selective cutting removes only _____ trees.
a)
all, mature
b)
mature, all
c)
all, half
d)
half, all
60.
Which is NOT a disadvantage of deforestation?
a)
loss of wildlife
b)
loss of topsoil
c)
increased flooding
d)
maintenance of biodiversity
61.
what crop do famers in the us grow the most?
a)
corn
b)
oats
c)
wheat
d)
barley
62.
Which type of particles will cause soil to have a low permeability?
a)
gravel
b)
sand
c)
silt
d)
clay
63.
Nutrient rich soil is full of decayed organic material such as plants and animals, this mixture of soil is called
a)
humus
b)
decomposition
c)
compost
d)
hummus
64.
A neutral ph is............................
a)
7
b)
1
c)
14
d)
6
65.
The texture of soil is determined by the soil particles'...
a)
shape
b)
mass
c)
size
d)
chemical makeup
66.
Weathering occurs fastest in _____ climates.
a)
cold, dry
b)
cold, wet
c)
hot, dry
d)
hot, wet
67.
Acid rain contains rainwater mixed with sulfuric acid or
a)
oxygen
b)
silicon
c)
nitric acid
d)
hydrochloric acid
68.
Each layer of soil profile is called a _.
a)
horizon
b)
horizontal
c)
humus
d)
litter
69.
Most types of plants grow best in soil with a pH of _.
a)
between 1 & 2
b)
between 5 & 7
c)
between 10 & 12
d)
either 1 or 14
70.
The major complaint that environmental detractors of the Taylor Grazing Act have is that:
a)
The negative externalities of grazing are not fully revealed
b)
The taxes on grazing animals are too high
c)
The fences erected as a result of this legislation are deleterious for wildlife
d)
It allows too much grazing to take place.
71.
After many years of applying the selective pesticide provironex, a farmer notices that the applications seem less effective. This is likely due to:
a)
the fact that provironex is fat soluble and has been bioaccumulating
b)
Provironex is selective, so other pests are filing the niche from the exterminated ones
c)
Provironex is persistent, and the farmer should apply less for better results
d)
The target species has begun to evolve resistance.
72.
Which of the following has contributed to the rapid increase in crude oil prices over the past decade?
a)
decrease in demand for oil
b)
increased availbility of fossil fuels
c)
higher gas taxes
d)
increase in demand for oil
73.
Which of the following represents one possible explanation for why the federal government has NOT been successful at mandating higher fuel efficiency standards for America vehicles?
a)
the demand from consumers for smaller more fuel efficient vehicles has increased
b)
smaller vehicles are not practical for larger families
c)
technology is not available to make alternative fuel vehicles
d)
there is not enough support from the environmental community for mandating higher fuel standards
74.
Ecosystem services include....
a)
erosion
b)
global warming
c)
genetically modifying food
d)
pollination of plants
75.
An example of "greenwashing" is ....
a)
ecolabeling
b)
using biodegradable paints
c)
discounting future effects
d)
creating the illusion of sustainable practices
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