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WorksheetsEOC Review #1
Total questions: 51
Worksheet time: 53mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?
a)
Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate
b)
Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate
c)
Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
d)
Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis
2.
Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?
a)
The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
b)
The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet
c)
The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface
d)
The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
3.
A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color?
a)
Specific heat
b)
Surface tension
c)
Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
d)
Formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules
4.
Maria, after finding no cold sodas in the refrigerator, placed a can of soda in the freezer. She then proceeded to check her social networking site and forgot about the soda. Later that evening her brother went to get some ice and it was brown. Maria’s soda can had split open. What is the best explanation for what happened?
a)
As the water cooled, it adhered to the can, causing it to split
b)
When the water froze, the space between hydrogen molecules expanded
c)
When the water froze, it weakened the molecular bonds in the aluminum can
d)
As the water cooled, the surface tension of the water decreased and the can collapsed
5.
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
a)
Water expands as it freezes.
b)
Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
c)
Water is an excellent solvent.
d)
Water is able to moderate temperature.
6.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
a)
Water is an acid.
b)
Water is a versatile solvent.
c)
Water acts as a buffer.
d)
Water has a high heat capacity.
7.
Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect?
a)
Water absorbs heat when it evaporates and forms a gas
b)
Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes.
c)
Water molecules completely separate into ions in solutions.
d)
Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions and other polar substances.
8.
Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?
a)
Purity
b)
High heat capacity
c)
Polarity and Cohesion
d)
Expansion upon freezing
9.
Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature?
a)
Water is a good solvent.
b)
Water exhibits strong cohesion.
c)
Water has an unusual crystalline structure.
d)
Water has a high capacity for heat.
10.
Two of the four principle classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acids. What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids?
a)
Nucleic acids use proteins for energy
b)
Nucleic acids are a subset of proteins
c)
Proteins are long polymers of nucleic acids
d)
Nucleic acids contain the information to make proteins
11.
Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Fatty Acid
c)
Nucleic Acid
d)
Protein
12.
Which of the following diagrams below is an example of a carbohydrate?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
2
d)
4
13.
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as:
a)
Sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information
b)
Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
c)
Transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions
d)
Catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes
14.
Study the diagram below of the cell membrane. What is the building block of structure G?
a)
Nucleotide
b)
Chains of fatty acids
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Moosaccharides
15.
Which macromolecule makes up the majority of the cell membrane?
a)
Nucleotide
b)
Protein
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
16.
Which macromolecule is not labeled on the cell membrane above?
a)
Nucleotide
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Carbohydrate
17.
Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants. Proteases are which of the following types of molecules?
a)
Enzyme
b)
Fatty Acid
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
18.
Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin?
a)
a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring.
b)
a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule
c)
a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
d)
a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar phosphate backbone
19.
Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Nucleic Acid
d)
Lipid
20.
Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are macromolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following?
a)
polymers of smaller subunits
b)
sequence of sugars
c)
lipids of large molecules
d)
nucleotides of DNA
21.
What is the function of macromolecule subunit to the right?
a)
Energy
b)
Catalyst
c)
Stores genetic information
d)
Composes the majority of the cell membrane
22.
The diagram to the right shows a monomer a macromolecule. Which type of molecule contains these monomers?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Proteins
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Lipids
23.
Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?
a)
The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes.
b)
The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart.
c)
The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70 °C.
d)
The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.
24.
Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?
a)
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction
b)
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product.
c)
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction.
25.
Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator, how would the enzyme be affected?
a)
It would break down the meat more slowly.
b)
It would disintegrate the meat.
c)
It would break down the meat more quickly.
d)
It would change the shape of the meat.
26.
As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HC1), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HC1 converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?
a)
It becomes inactive.
b)
It begins to replicate.
c)
Its shape changes to engulf large proteins.
d)
Its activity increases to digest more proteins.
27.
The graph to the right shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity continually increases as pH increases from 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 than around pH of 5.0.
28.
What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"?
a)
Enzyme
b)
Inorganic Compound
c)
Hormone
d)
Antibody
29.
The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?
a)
Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.
b)
The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.
c)
The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action
d)
There is no connection between the two statements.
30.
Which of the following BEST explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
a)
Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.
b)
Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions.
c)
he reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing.
d)
The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
31.
A student is investigating how reaction rate changes over a range of enzyme concentrations. The student uses excess reactants. Which of the following best represents the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate?
a)
----------------------
b)
|-----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c)
Down
d)
/
32.
The illustration to the right shows four lobes of the human brain. What lobe is designated by label 2?
a)
Temporal
b)
Parietal
c)
Occipital
d)
Frontal
33.
Using the same diagram as number 1. Which lobe of the brain is designated by number 4?
a)
Occipital lobe
b)
Parietal lobe
c)
Frontal lobe
d)
Temporal lobe
34.
Sexual reproduction is vital to the propagation of the human race. Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of events in the formation of a human fetus?
a)
Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo → Fertilization
b)
Fertilization → Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo
c)
Blastocyst → Embryo → Differentiation → Zygote
d)
Fertilization → Growth → Differentiation → Zygote
35.
The diagram to the right shows a fetus implanted in a female uterus. Fertilization of the egg most likely occurred in which of the following structures?
a)
A
b)
F
c)
C
d)
D
36.
The drinking of alcoholic beverages by a pregnant woman is harmful to the development of her fetus. This is most damaging early in the first trimesters of pregnancy because during this time
a)
the lungs of the fetus become functional.
b)
alcohol can easily enter the mouth of the fetus.
c)
many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming.
d)
the fetus cannot excrete wastes.
37.
Which of the following describes fertilization?
a)
Cell differentiation to form a blastula
b)
Formation of germ layers in a deuterostome
c)
A sperm joining an egg to form a zygote
d)
Sperm and egg production
38.
Abnormalities present in the cells that line the uterus may prevent the production of offspring by directly interfering with which process?
a)
The development of the embryo.
b)
The differentiation of gametes into zygotes.
c)
The secretion of estrogen by the ovary.
d)
The production and release of egg cells.
39.
Sperm are created through meiosis in an area of the testes called the seminiferous tubules. Through which structure do the sperm travel to exit the testes?
a)
Vas Deferens
b)
Seminiferous tubules
c)
Scrotum
d)
Epididymus
40.
Which of the following is true of a zygote?
a)
It forms into a blastocyst
b)
It is an unfertilized egg
c)
It produces haploid male gametophytes
d)
It is made up of only one cell
41.
What is the human embryo called after the eighth week of development?
a)
Zygote
b)
Infant
c)
Fetus
d)
Morula
42.
Which of the following events occurs during the first trimester?
a)
Heart beat begins
b)
Lungs fully developed
c)
Bones become solid
d)
Fetus moves, kicks and swallows
43.
To the right is a diagram of the male reproductive system. Which structure is represented by the letter D?
a)
Scrotum
b)
Testes
c)
Prostate Gland
d)
Epididymus
44.
A fertilized egg undergoes several stages before it is successfully implanted. The diagram below shows these stages as the fertilized egg travels through the female reproductive system. In which of the following
structures of the female human reproductive system is the blastocyst implanted during normal human development?
structures of the female human reproductive system is the blastocyst implanted during normal human development?
a)
Ovary
b)
Uterus
c)
Vagina
d)
Amniotic Sac
45.
The table below shows the average blood cholesterol levels in three patients along with the average range of cholesterol levels. Using your
knowledge of the cardiovascular system and the
above data, which inference can most likely be made about the cardiovascular systems of Patient A and B?
knowledge of the cardiovascular system and the
above data, which inference can most likely be made about the cardiovascular systems of Patient A and B?
a)
Patient B’s blood is quickly circulating through
the cardiovascular system, resulting in high blood pressure.
the cardiovascular system, resulting in high blood pressure.
b)
Patient A’s blood is quickly circulating through the cardiovascular system, resulting in high blood pressure.
c)
Patient B should increase salt intake to decrease blood volume to the average range.
d)
Patient A should hydrate with water to increase blood volume to the average range.
46.
The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its effect on blood flow?
a)
A high viscosity of blood causes an increased resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow.
b)
A low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow.
c)
The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape decreases resistance and lead to a faster blood flow.
d)
The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to a faster blood flow.
47.
Cardiovascular disease runs in Jim’s mother’s family. Jim is only 17 but knows that his mom and grandparents all have high blood pressure. Which of the following best describes the connection between cardiovascular disease and age?
a)
As people age, their blood vessels become more elastic leading to less cardiovascular disease.
b)
As people age, the heart becomes more efficient with each pump, increasing cardiac output.
c)
As people age, blood pressure decreases leading to more cardiovascular disease.
d)
As people age, plaque builds up in the arteries increasing vessel resistance, which leads to disease.
48.
Jim was told that he might need to go on medication if his blood pressure continues to be high. What causes blood pressure? A. cholesterol in the blood
B. stress that exercise puts on heart muscle C. contraction of the ventricles in the heart D. removal of oxygen from the blood
B. stress that exercise puts on heart muscle C. contraction of the ventricles in the heart D. removal of oxygen from the blood
a)
cholesterol in the blood
b)
stress that exercise puts on heart muscle
c)
contraction of the ventricles in the heart
d)
removal of oxygen from the blood
49.
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?
a)
Neither responds to antibiotics.
b)
Both respond to antibiotics.
c)
Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not.
d)
Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.
50.
Vaccines are weakened forms of disease causing microorganisms, which are given to patients to prevent disease. After the vaccine is administered, what response to the vaccine is triggered in the body?
a)
Secretion of antigens by lymphocytes.
b)
Absorption of histamines throughout the body.
c)
Production of temporary resistance to the disease.
d)
Production of antibodies providing active immunity.
51.
Scientists developed a vaccine to protect humans from the H1N1 virus, which caused 17,000 deaths in 2009. Which of the following persons would most likely contract the H1N1 virus?
a)
A person who did not receive the vaccine and has a weakened immune system due to other conditions.
b)
A person who received the vaccine and has a weakened immune system due to other conditions.
c)
A person who did not receive the vaccine but has a normal immune system.
d)
A person who did not receive the vaccine but has a normal immune system.
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