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WorksheetsAPES Chapter 6 Exam Review
Total questions: 42
Worksheet time: 31mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The organisms that represent all of the different interacting species within an ecosystem make up a
a)
Population
b)
Community
c)
Trophic Level
d)
Biosphere
2.
When individuals are found to be distributed evenly throughout an ecosystem it is often because
a)
they are interbreeding.
b)
resources are not limiting.
c)
they mate for life.
d)
they are territorial.
3.
If a population of 100 birds increases to 120 birds the following year, r=__.
a)
0.16
b)
0.20
c)
1.2
d)
2
4.
The intrinsic growth rate of a population
a)
directly affects environmental resistance.
b)
causes changes in birth rates without affecting death rates.
c)
causes changes in death rates without affecting birth rates.
d)
is the maximum rate at which a population may increase.
5.
An ecosystem's carrying capacity for a population is determined by all of the following factors EXCEPT
a)
energy.
b)
water.
c)
food.
d)
climatic events, such as tornadoes.
6.
An exotic species is one which ___ an ecosystem.
a)
is rare in
b)
is foreign to
c)
does not interact with other species in
d)
is the most dominant species in
7.
Rapid growth may be temporarily be observed in a population in response to all of these EXCEPT
a)
elimination of a pollutant.
b)
elimination of predators.
c)
increase in food supply.
d)
introduction of a new parasite.
8.
A laboratory experiment followed the growth of a flour beetle population over time. At first the population increased dramatically but later growth slowed and the population size leveled off. While food was abundant, it was noticed that flour beetles resorted to eating their own eggs when densities got high. What can we conclude about cannibalism in this species?
a)
It has no effect on the growth of the population, as food scarcity is clearly the limiting factor here.
b)
It is clearly maladaptive as populations always do best when their densities rise as high as possible.
c)
It serves as a density-dependent means of population control.
d)
It serves as a density-independent means of population control.
9.
Rabbits were introduced to Australia about 100 years ago for the purpose of hunting. They have been multiplying, eating up the native vegetation, and destroying the native habitat of other small animals, ever since. In the 1950's, in order to control the rabbit population, government scientists released the myxomatosis virus. The virus, which dramatically reduced the rabbit population, is an example of
a)
a predator.
b)
a parasite.
c)
a cyclical pattern of growth.
d)
the effect of migration on growth.
10.
Most parasites have evolved to ___ their host.
a)
kill
b)
only weaken
c)
have no effect on
d)
strengthen
11.
A study conducted in the laboratory used wasps as predators and bean weevils as prey. The wasps lay their eggs on weevil larvae, which provide food for the newly hatched wasps. What would be the most likely hypothesis for the outcome of this experiment?
a)
The prey population increased and decreased slightly later than the predator population.
b)
The predator population increased and decreased slightly later than the prey population.
c)
The two populations fluctuated synchronously.
d)
The two populations fluctuated asynchronously.
12.
Which of the following is a density-independent event that could limit the size of a population?
a)
a mild winter, which reduces death rates
b)
the accidental spill of a pesticide that causes the population to decrease
c)
an increase in a predator population
d)
the reduction of a competitor species
13.
Which of the following is NOT a type of interspecific interaction?
a)
Symbiosis
b)
Predation
c)
Competition
d)
Speciation
14.
The biologist who studies interactions at the "community" level investigates interactions between
a)
organisms of one species.
b)
populations of more than one species.
c)
animals of one species.
d)
social animals like insects.
15.
Predation is similar to ____ in that both types of relationship benefit one of the interacting species while the other is harmed.
a)
commensalism
b)
competition
c)
mutualism
d)
parasitism
16.
If you were studying the niche of a species of bird, you might study
a)
its predators.
b)
the food it eats.
c)
the temperatures it needs to survive.
d)
all of the answers are correct.
17.
Two species that have a high degree of niche overlap will
a)
compete intensely.
b)
speciate.
c)
interbreed.
d)
be a predator-prey pair.
18.
If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be
a)
involved in succession.
b)
partitioning resources.
c)
coevolving.
d)
increasing niche overlap.
19.
Which of these outcomes is likely in a natural situation when two closely related species compete for resources in the same habitat?
a)
Population size and distribution of each species may be reduced.
b)
Interbreeding between the two species will occur.
c)
One of the species will always become extinct.
d)
Both species will be extinct.
20.
The concept that two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche is called
a)
coevolution.
b)
mutualism.
c)
primary succession.
d)
competitive exclusion.
21.
Earthworms live in many grass and forest ecosystems, and aerate soil as they burrow. They ingest organic matter and travel between soil horizons. These traits, taken collectively, refer to the ___ of the earthworm.
a)
niche
b)
habitat
c)
community profile
d)
ecosystem profile
22.
Two species of buttercup can be found in the same field in South Dakota. They emerge at different times: one species emerges and flowers in early spring, and the other species emerges in late summer, after the first species has set seed. Both flower species are pollinated by the same insect species, which is common in spring and summer. The different flowering times are likely due to
a)
competitive exclusion.
b)
niche fragmentation.
c)
niche realignment.
d)
resource partitioning.
23.
Over the past century, sagebrush has dramatically expanded its range over the Colorado Plateau's grasslands. This has been attributed to the overgrazing of the area's grasses by cattle and sheep. This example indicates that
a)
grazing has no effect on the distribution of plants.
b)
sagebrush could not exist anywhere in the absence of cattle and sheep.
c)
sagebrush is the dominant competitor over grasses.
d)
the range of sagebrush is normally limited by competition with grasses.
24.
If an insect eats the lettuce seedlings in your yard, it is acting most like a(n)
a)
host.
b)
mututualist.
c)
commensalist.
d)
herbivore.
25.
If you find a brightly colored insect resting on a leaf, it is most likely to be
a)
poisonous or distasteful.
b)
prey for birds.
c)
camouflaged.
d)
a parasite.
26.
Which behavioral response to the threat of predation is most likely to be selected for in a species that uses camouflage for protection?
a)
a sudden display to startle the predator.
b)
a cooperative behavior.
c)
a behavior that mimics the behavior of the predator.
d)
a motionless behavior.
27.
Several species of harmless kingsnakes mimic the color patterns of venomous coral snakes which serve as models. If avoidance were based solely on prior predator experience with the model, what do you predict would happen in areas where coral snakes were never present?
a)
Predators would initially attack and eat kingsnakes but soon learn to avoid them.
b)
Predators would attack and eat kingsnakes.
c)
Predators would avoid kingsnakes.
d)
Kingsnakes would evolve venom similar to the coral snakes.
28.
Sap-feeding insects that feed on plants may be classified as
a)
predators.
b)
parasites.
c)
hosts.
d)
commensalists.
29.
Many plants have their roots infected with a specialized fungus. The plant supplies carbon to the fungus, and the fungus supplies nutrients to the plant. This is an example of a _____ association.
a)
mutualistic
b)
commensalistic
c)
parasitic
d)
successional
30.
A species that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is
a)
a predator.
b)
a dominator species.
c)
the most abundant species in the community.
d)
a keystone species.
31.
Which of the following is not an example of a density-independent factor?
a)
Drought
b)
Competition
c)
Forest Fire
d)
Hurricane
32.
As the size of a white-tailed deer population increases,
a)
the carrying capacity of the environment for white-tailed deer wil be reduced.
b)
a volcanic eruption will have a greater proportional effect than it would on a smaller population.
c)
the number of gray wolves, a natural predator of white-tailed deer, will increase.
d)
the effect of limiting resources will increase.
33.
The following graph of the population growth of Canada geese in Ohio between 1955 and 2002 can best be described as
a)
an exponential growth curves.
b)
a logistic growth curve.
c)
a stochastic growth curve.
d)
oscillation between overshoot and die-off.
34.
Which of the following is not a statement of the logistic growth model?
a)
A population will initially increase exponentially and then level off as it approaches the carrying capacity of the environment.
b)
Future population growth cannot be predicted mathematically.
c)
Population growth slows as the number of individuals approaches the carrying capacity.
d)
A graph of population growth produces an S-shaped growth curve over time.
35.
Which of the following characteristics are typical of r-selected species?
I. They produce many offspring in a short period of time.
II. They have very low survivorship early in life.
III. They take a long time to reach reproductive maturity.
I. They produce many offspring in a short period of time.
II. They have very low survivorship early in life.
III. They take a long time to reach reproductive maturity.
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
III only
d)
I and II
36.
A high intrinsic growth rate would most likely be characteristic of
a)
a K-selected species such as elephants.
b)
an r-selected species such as the American bullfrog.
c)
a K-selected species that lives near its carrying capacity.
d)
a species near extinction.
37.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the survivorship curves presented?
a)
Type II could be the average of r-selected and K-selected species in a specific area.
b)
Type III could represent elephants, which are typical K-selected species.
c)
Type I could represent an oak tree species that experiences very low survivorship early and late in life.
d)
Type II could represent a coral species that has a consstsant decline in survivorship throughout its life.
38.
In the coniferous forests of Oregon, eight species of woodpeckers coexist. Four species select their nesting sites based on tree diameter. The fifth species nests only in fir trees that have been dead for at least 10 years. The sixth species also nests in fir tres, but only in live or recently dead trees. The two remining species nest in pine trees, but each selects trees of different sizes. This pattern is an example of
a)
resource partitioning.
b)
commensalism.
c)
true predator.
d)
predator-mediated competition.
39.
In the Antarctic food web, the arrows point from a food source to a consumer. Which of the following statements is not a conclusion that can be drawn from this food web?
a)
Carnivorous zooplankton and herbivorous zooplankton interact mutualistically.
b)
Leopard seals are predators and penguins are their prey.
c)
Krill are omnivores.
d)
Smaller toothed whales prey on baleen whales, several species of seals, and penguins
40.
Which of the following statements about ecological succession is correct?
a)
Secondary succession is followed by primary succession.
b)
Succession is influenced by competition for limiting resources such as available soil., moisture, and nutrients.
c)
In forest succession, less shade-tolerant trees replace more shade-tolerant trees.
d)
Forest fires and hurricanes lead to primary succession because a soil base still exists.
41.
Which of the following sequences of secondary succession would be likely to occur in abandoned farmland in the eastern United States?
a)
Bare soil, lichens, mosses, grasses, deciduous trees.
b)
Bare rock, lichens, mosses, grasses, shrubs, mixed shade- and sunlight-tolerant trees.
c)
Bare soil, grasses and wildflowers, shrubs, sunlight-tolerant trees, shade-tolerant trees.
d)
Bare rock, grasses and wildflowers, lichens, mosses, shrubs, coniferous trees.
42.
The Theory of Island Biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?
I. Island Distance from Mainland.
II. How the Island is Formed.
III. Island Size
I. Island Distance from Mainland.
II. How the Island is Formed.
III. Island Size
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
III only
d)
I and III only
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