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WorksheetsAPES Final Exam Practice
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 25mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Levels of this pollutant have gone down since they removed this as a gasoline additive
a)
lead
b)
mercury
c)
radon
d)
iron
2.
This comes from the decay of uranium in underlying bedrock and can cause cancer
a)
radon
b)
lead
c)
copper
d)
iron
3.
Which is NOT linked to lung cancer?
a)
cigarette smoke
b)
radon
c)
asbestos
d)
copper sulfate
4.
Sushi containing fish higher in the food chain (tuna, grouper, sea bass, etc.) could cause health risks due to bioaccumulation of
a)
lead
b)
radon
c)
mercury
d)
asbestos
5.
Which region would you expect to contain the most methane hydrates that could contribute to global climate change?
a)
Anything near the arctic
b)
Central America
c)
Australia and New Zealand
d)
Near the editerranian
6.
Which region of the world has exported the most petroleum over the last few decades?
a)
Middle east
b)
USA
c)
China
d)
United Kingdom
7.
Which areas have NOT experienced loss in tropical rain forests?
a)
Southwest Africa
b)
Eastern South America
c)
South East Asia
d)
Western Europe
8.
Tornadoes have the highest prevalence in which area?
a)
United States
b)
Argentina
c)
South Africa
d)
Australia
9.
Anthropogenic climate change has resulted in the largest average annual temperature change in
a)
arctic regions
b)
desert regions
c)
savannas
d)
tropical rainforests
10.
Seafloor spreading creates new crust at
a)
a divergent plate boundary (usually middle of the ocean)
b)
convergent plate boundary
c)
fault line
d)
all of these
11.
Which biome would have the highest diversity of tree and animal species?
a)
tropical rain forest
b)
tundra
c)
desert
d)
seasonal grassland
12.
Which country would likely be experiencing population growth? TFR=total fertility rate
a)
Country A, TFR=2.1
b)
Country B, TFR=3.7
c)
Country C, TFR=1.3
d)
All of these countries since TRF is above 1.0
13.
A country with a total fertility rate (TFR) of around 7 probably
a)
is a developed country with higher education available for women
b)
is a developing country with limited education opportunities for women
c)
Will experience a decrease in total population over the next 15 years
d)
also has a life expectancy of 80 years for men and women
14.
The sun has an impact on all of the following EXCEPT
a)
plate tectonics and continental drift
b)
ocean currents and gyres
c)
hurricanes and tropical storms
d)
cloud formation
15.
Phytoplankton live near the surface of the water because
a)
they eat krill which only are abundant near the surface of the water
b)
there are less predators near the surface of the ocean
c)
sunlight cannot reach great depths and they need it for photosynthesis
d)
they are blown there from the land and end up floating on the surface of the water until they are consumed
16.
Catalytic converters were added to cars in the 70s to reduce which pollutant?
a)
carbon dioxide
b)
carbon monoxide
c)
particulate matter
d)
methane
17.
A hybrid vehicle uses _______________ while a fuel cell vehicle uses __________________.
a)
an internal combustion engine and battery, hydrogen to generate electricity
b)
hydrogen to generate electricity, an internal combustion engine and battery
c)
ethanol, hydrogen to generate electricity
d)
an internal combustion engine and battery, methane or natural gas
18.
Which type of soil would be used for the liner of a landfill?
a)
soil high in gravel
b)
soil high in sand
c)
soil high in clay
d)
soil high in silt
19.
Which would be classified as "loam"?
a)
Sand: 40, Silt: 40, Clay: 20
b)
Sand: 60, Silt: 10, Clay: 30
c)
Sand: 20, Silt: 50, Clay: 30
d)
Sand: 50, Silt: 10, Clay: 40
20.
LA and Mexico City frequently experience smog partly because they sit in a valley and are more prone to
a)
thermal inversions
b)
theory of island biogeography
c)
having a lower albedo
d)
using higher concentration of CFCs
21.
The Ogallala aquifer is located ___________ and is at risk of _______________.
a)
Eastern Europe, completely drying out due to diverting water for agriculture
b)
Midwest United States, depletion from over consumption
c)
Fiji islands, saltwater intrusion due to pumping artesian wells too rapidly
d)
Sub Saharan Africa, depletion from climate change
22.
The juniper tree only thrives in the cold, dry conditions of China. Global climate change is likely
a)
to kill all of the juniper trees immediately
b)
to decrease the numbers, but also force juniper trees to grow north toward Russia
c)
allow juniper trees to increase their total population and extend their range south toward Indonesia
d)
all of these are equally likely if the global temperatures increase
23.
The arctic ice could experience which of the following positive feedback loops?
a)
ice melts, ocean water increases in temperature, more ice melts
b)
ice melts, ocean water decreases in temperature, more ice melts
c)
ice melts, ocean water decreases in temperature, less ice melts
d)
ice melts, ocean water increases in temperature, less ice melts
24.
Which tree species probably grows best with full sunlight?
a)
tulip poplar
b)
white oak
c)
sugar maple
d)
beech
25.
Which community shows the greatest species richness?
a)
community 1
b)
community 2
c)
it is the same for both
d)
neither has species richness
26.
Which is the best explanation of a Hadley cell?
a)
Warm air rises at the equator, cools, sinks at 30 degrees and warms back up to create deserts
b)
cool air rises at the equator, gains moisture, and falls back down to earth around 30 degrees to create rain forests
c)
cool air rises at 30 degrees, loses moisture, then falls back down to earth at 60 degrees and creates Boreal forests
d)
none of these
27.
All of the following are examples of hazardous waste except
a)
oil-based paints
b)
batteries
c)
insect repellent and bug spray
d)
soap and shampoo
28.
What is the difference between hybrid and fully electric vehicles?
a)
hybrids use their brakes to help charge the battery and use a combination of gas and battery
b)
fully electric vehicles use the sun's energy from photovoltaic panels on the car
c)
hybrid vehicles can run on either gasoline or ethanol
d)
fully electric vehicles run on either battery power or hydrogen
29.
Why are there higher rates of extinction on smaller, isolated islands compared to larger islands closer to the mainland?
a)
smaller islands have less predators than larger islands
b)
smaller islands have less available resources
c)
smaller islands further away from the mainland usually receive less human activity/disruption
d)
larger islands create more space between organisms and they sometimes can't find each other to mate
30.
Most organisms experience logistic growth. The point where the growth levels off is called
a)
density independent factor line
b)
carrying capacity
c)
exponential growth model
d)
line of best fit
31.
N2 is taken from the atmosphere and converted to ammonium ______ by bacteria on the roots of legumes, converted to _____ and _____ before being denitrified back into N2.
a)
NH4, NO2, NO3
b)
NO2, NO3, NH4
c)
NH4, N2, NH3
d)
NH3, N2, NO2
32.
Applying herbicide to crops kills weeds. However, after many generations of use there are actually more weeds than before. How is this possible?
a)
The weeds were able to change their DNA and become a different type of species
b)
Use of herbicides selected for resistant weeds over time
c)
The farmer must have used less of the herbicides with each generation
d)
More herbicide use results in increased growth of crops, but not in weeds
33.
What is one concern with genetically modified crops?
a)
they could lead to decreased genetic diversity
b)
they could increase yield and require less land to grow the same amount of food
c)
GM crops are only able to grow in the perfect soil conditions
d)
Runoff from GM crops can pollute water systems with increased levels of nitrogen and pesticides
34.
Amphibians are often affected more by chemicals such as pesticides because
a)
amphibians often eat chemicals and mistake them for food
b)
the chemicals act as endocrine disruptors and can get into their porous skin
c)
amphibians reproduce very slowly and their young are easily affected
d)
amphibians live in the water and are more prone to the runoff than fish
35.
The recent decrease in coal use is most likely due to
a)
the increasing availability of renewable energy and natural gas
b)
coal reserves are almost depleted
c)
most countries have realized how dirty coal is and have shifted entirely to renewable energy
d)
coal use has actually increased recently
36.
The population pyramid for Japan shows
a)
a negative future growth rate
b)
positive future growth rate
c)
most of the population is 20 years or younger
d)
most of the population is over 70 years of age
37.
All of the following are disadvantages of nuclear power EXCEPT
a)
no CO2 is emitted
b)
nuclear power plants are expensive to build
c)
radioactive waste is produced and difficult to dispose of properly
d)
uranium is unlimited and a renewable resource
38.
Adding ____________ to soil can help neutralize a lower pH.
a)
limestone
b)
gravel
c)
water
d)
fertilizer
39.
The population growth rate is expected to decline because of
a)
increased access to birth control
b)
increased women entering the workforce
c)
countries making an effort to stay at or below replacement level fertility
d)
all of these
40.
El Nino conditions
a)
prevent upwelling of colder waters along the west coast of S. America which prevents fish from coming closer to the surface as well
b)
sends warm weather patterns from the eastern United States to western Europe
c)
is directly causing most of the ice in the arctic regions to melt at extremely fast rates
d)
can easily be predicted
41.
Why is the open ocean considered one of the most productive areas for biodiveristy?
a)
phytoplankton and other smaller organisms are abundant and feed entire foodchains
b)
there is little to no competition between species
c)
open oceans are not susceptible to things like climate change or pollution at all
d)
none of these
42.
The impact of a suburban neighborhood on a nearby creek would most likely be
a)
higher levels of suspended soils and sediments which would destroy marine habitat
b)
biomagnification of lead and radon in the drinking water which would kill top predators and humans
c)
contamination of drinking water by VOCs such as ozone
d)
water that has extremely high levels of human and animal waste
43.
Which is most likely the reason that Darwin's finches were similar genetically, but had different beak sizes and shapes?
a)
each bird chose which type of beak would be best suited for its environment
b)
the birds had different beaks to begin with and just traveled to the island that made the best use of their beak
c)
selective pressure was placed on the birds by the environment and the types of foods readily available on each island
d)
none of these
44.
A couple replaces their 4 gallon-per-minute showerhead with a 2 gallon-per-minute one. If they each take an average 10 minute shower daily, how much water would they save in a month?
a)
1200 gallons
b)
40 gallons
c)
280 gallons
d)
1000 gallons
45.
What is hydraulic fracturing (fracking)?
a)
pumping water and chemicals underground to create pathways to release oil and gas
b)
thumper trucks smash into the ground to create a controlled earthquake and release methane deposits that can be collected and used for fuel
c)
the capture of volatile organic compounds from smokestacks and tailpipes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
d)
a process to treat and remove acid deposition from abandoned mine sites by adding neutralizing chemicals
46.
Which describes a country's change in demographics as it begins to transition from a preindustrial to to industrial state?
a)
pop decreases rapidly, birth rate declines, death rate increases
b)
pop increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate increases rapidly
c)
pop increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate decrease
d)
pop decreases, birth rate remains high, death rate increases dramatically
47.
All of the following would be considered negative externalities EXCEPT
a)
developing an upper respiratory infection from living in a densely populated city
b)
insects pollinating fruits and vegetables
c)
increased release of methane as a result of raising beef cattle
d)
higher levels of E. coli in drinking water reservoirs after periods of increased rainfall
48.
Surface oceanic circulation can result in
a)
rapid rates of coral bleaching that can destroy large portions of habitat for many organisms
b)
decreased productivity of phytoplankton and an overall increase in aquatic ecosystems
c)
distribution of heat from region to region
d)
global warming that could melt much of the sea and land ice which would decrease sea levels dramatically
49.
The half life for this substance would be closest to
a)
6.5 seconds
b)
3.5 seconds
c)
more than 16 seconds
d)
8 seconds
50.
Algal blooms and eutrophication are usually caused by
a)
increased N and P from agricultural runoff from fertilizers
b)
the average increase in temperature globally
c)
the thermohaline circulation
d)
CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels
51.
A LD50 study on the impact of mercury on the health of mice was conducted. Which of the following is true of the setup of the study?
a)
in the control group, mercury is given to sunflowers instead of mice
b)
the independent variable is the concentration of mercury
c)
the dependent variable is the number of mice that die
d)
independent and dependent variables are both correct
52.
A major downside to solar energy is that
a)
it cannot reliably produce as much electricity on cloudy days
b)
it is relatively cheap to manufacture and maintain
c)
solar energy releases much more particulate matter than any other energy source
d)
it can only be used for large scale businesses and buildings
53.
All of the following are anthropogenic sources of nitrogen pollution EXCEPT
a)
discharge of sewage into surface waters
b)
commercial fertilizers
c)
vehicle exhaust and industrial air pollution
d)
disposal of refrigeration units including air conditioners
54.
Burning one gallon of gasoline releases approximately 10 pounds of CO2. What is the difference in CO2 emissions if two cars both travel 20,000 miles, but car 1 gets 40 mpg and car 2 get 20 mpg?
a)
10,000-5,000 = 5,000 pound difference
b)
10,000+5,000= 15,000 pound difference
c)
1,000-500 (2) = 1,000 pound difference
d)
400-200 (20,000) = 4 million pound difference
55.
Which would promote fertility above replacement level for a country currently below 2.1 children per woman?
a)
increased education and availability of birth control, especially for teenagers
b)
tax breaks for families with more than 2 children
c)
a two-child policy
d)
tax breaks and incentives for families with less than 2 children
56.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 resulted in
a)
phasing out of CFCs in developed countries
b)
decreasing use of 12 persistent organic pollutants
c)
companies being able to buy and sell SO2 pollution allowances
d)
strict regulation of fertilizers that large-scale agriculture could buy and use
57.
An APES student is concerns with a new cattle farm just north of her neighborhood that is next to the river that runs next to her house. What should she test for to see if the manure is getting into the river or not?
a)
levels of chromium directly downstream of the new farm
b)
nitrate and phosphate levels above, at, and below where the farm is located
c)
ammonium levels above, at, and below stream from the farm
d)
pH levels above, at, and below where the farm is located
58.
E. coli (fecal coliform bacteria)
a)
exists naturally in the intestine of animals, but is an indicator that there might be human or animal waste in the substance being tested
b)
can cause death if ingested directly
c)
only exist in extreme environments, such as volcanic vents deep underwater
d)
is an indicator that oil and gas might be polluting a body of water
59.
Mercury most likely enters the environment via
a)
coal-burning emissions
b)
medical waste incinerators
c)
organic fertilizers
d)
municipal solid waste
60.
The A horizon typically is _______ in carbon and nitrogen while the B horizon are generally _______ in carbon and nitrogen.
a)
poor, rich
b)
rich, poor
c)
poor, poor
d)
rich, rich
61.
Eutrophication can result in death for certain fish due to
a)
lack of dissolved oxygen in the water
b)
extremely high levels of dissolved oxygen in the water
c)
toxic levels of lead in the water from nearby farms
d)
pH well above the range of tolerance that many fish species can survive
62.
Power plants that burn coal are not paying the true cost of energy production because
a)
they pay more taxes than plants that use MSW or natural gas
b)
public health costs as a result of burning coal are not factored in
c)
monthly fees do not include transporation of massive amounts of coal to and from the refineries
d)
bills don't include the marketing and advertising for coal-powered electricity
63.
Which is an example of a "carbon sink"?
a)
organic matter deposited on the deep ocean floor
b)
clear-cutting rainforests
c)
burning fossil fuels and releasing ancient and stored carbon into the atmosphere
d)
release of particulate matter that ends up on reflective surfaces over time
64.
Which of the following is true
a)
China has a higher population growth rate than most of Africa
b)
Australia has a higher population growth rate than Mexico
c)
Spain has a higher population growth rate than Brazil
d)
India has a greater population growth rate than the United States
65.
Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is most likely to result in which of the following environmental problems?
a)
ozone depletion
b)
contamination of groundwater by fracking chemicals
c)
deforestation
d)
eutrophication of rivers and streams due to the fracking chemicals
66.
A farmer suspects that his cattle grazing in fields next to his farm might be helping prevent an invasive weed from growing. How could he conduct an experiment to prove this?
a)
count the number of weeds that each cattle eats on a daily basis
b)
compare weed survivorship in fields where his cattle graze vs where they don't
c)
put tracking devices on the cattle to monitor where they eat vs where they sleep
d)
introduce another species of weed to the cattle field and see if the population increases or decreases over a year
67.
K-selected species
a)
produce few offspring, but with high levels of parental care
b)
produce many offspring, but with low levels of parental care
c)
have medium levels of offspring produced as well as parental care
d)
none of these
68.
60 % of MSW in the United States could be composted. Every American generates 2kg of MSW daily. After 1 month, how many kgs could be composted by the average American?
a)
36 kg
b)
60 kg
c)
8.4 kg
d)
27.3 kg
69.
Which of the following is NOT likely to result from increased temperatures in the Arctic region?
a)
decreased sea levels with could lead to more usable land for agriculture
b)
increased range of mosquitoes which could relocate populations of people and animals
c)
increased melting of permafrost that could alter habitats and release more methane into the atmosphere
d)
more travel routes for humans, but increased likelihood of polar bears becoming extinct
70.
The differences in net primary productivity between biomes is due to differences in all of the following EXCEPT
a)
temperature
b)
precipitaion
c)
longitude
71.
All of the following would increase concentration of ground-level ozone in a city EXCEPT
a)
decrease in the emissions of ntirogen oxides
b)
sunny days along with thermal inversions
c)
release of VOCs into the air of the city
d)
release of CFCs into the air of city
72.
Which place would experience 24 hours of daylight on December 21?
a)
Greenland and Iceland
b)
Antarctica
c)
Ecuador (0 degrees latitude)
d)
Russia
73.
Bioaccumulation
a)
happens exclusively in marine mammals and is the reason that the Marine Mammal Protection Act was passed
b)
is the transfer of persistent pollutants from one generation to the next
c)
can only happen with water soluble chemicals such as mercury
d)
is when the absorption of a substance happens at a greater rate than the elimination of the same substance in an organism
74.
What is tragedy of the commons?
a)
when chemicals travel up the food chain and pile up in the fatty tissue of larger mammals
b)
when people over harvest an area that is not privately owned and tend to take more than the environment can successfully replace on its own
c)
when there is a global problem, but everyone sees it as "everyone else's problem"
d)
people tend to feel a greater responsibility to protect land or sea that belongs to everyone compared to if it belongs to an individual or company
75.
Which correctly links a negative human health effect to an anthropogenic source?
a)
increased rates of respiratory disease from power plant emissions
b)
higher rates of asthma from tradgedy of the commons and over harvesting fish
c)
higher rates of skin cancer in areas with sewage treatment plants
d)
higher rates of obesity in developing countries compared to developed countries
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