Worksheetschapter 3 earth quakes
Total questions: 33
Worksheet time: 17mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called _____.
a)
shearing
b)
tension
c)
compression
d)
deformation
2.
Because stress is a force, it _____.
a)
adds energy to rock
b)
takes energy out of rock
c)
adds volume to rock
d)
makes rock harder
3.
Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?
a)
compression
b)
tension
c)
shearing
d)
deformation
4.
Which type of stress force produces normal faults?
a)
tension
b)
compression
c)
shearing
d)
transition
5.
In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little _____.
a)
up-or-down motion
b)
shaking
c)
noise
d)
movement
6.
How long does it take to change a flat plain into mountains?
a)
millions of years
b)
billions of years
c)
hundreds of years
d)
thousands of years
7.
A plateau is formed when forces in the Earth’s crust _____.
a)
push up a large, flat block of rock
b)
fold and create an upward arch
c)
fold and create a downward indentation
d)
push a large block of rock sideways
8.
Blocks of rock uplifted by normal faults are called _____ mountains.
a)
fault-block
b)
normal fault
c)
anticline
d)
reverse fault
9.
What type of land features are the Appalachians and the Himalayas?
a)
folded mountains
b)
normal faults
c)
plateaus
d)
reverse faults
10.
A _____ is a large, flat area of land elevated high above the surrounding land.
a)
plateau
b)
normal fault
c)
anticline
d)
reverse fault
11.
Fault-block mountains are formed when _____.
a)
two plates move away from each other
b)
shearing pushes plates past one another
c)
compression pushes faults up
d)
volcanic eruptions form cinder cones
12.
Which type of force forms folded mountains?
a)
compression
b)
shearing
c)
stretching
d)
normal
13.
What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s origin?
a)
epicenter
b)
footwall
c)
anticline
d)
focus
14.
Earthquake waves that vibrate from side to side and up and down, moving only through solids, are known as _____ waves.
a)
S
b)
Ground
c)
P
d)
Surface
15.
The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first are called _____.
a)
P waves
b)
S waves
c)
surface waves
d)
Mercalli waves
16.
_____ waves move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion.
a)
P
b)
S
c)
Surface
d)
Mercalli
17.
S waves are also known as _____ waves.
a)
secondary
b)
primary
c)
surface
d)
focus
18.
In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake?
a)
away from the focus
b)
toward the focus
c)
toward the interior from the surface
d)
away from the inner core to the surface
19.
What type of earthquake wave can travel through both liquids and solids?
a)
P waves
b)
S waves
c)
Focus waves
d)
surface waves
20.
What does a seismograph record?
a)
the ground movements caused by seismic waves
b)
the speed of seismic waves
c)
the Mercalli scale rating for an earthquake
d)
the location of the epicenter
21.
What happens when friction between the opposite sides of a fault is high?
a)
The fault locks, and stress builds up until an earthquake occurs.
b)
A plateau may form on one side of the fault.
c)
Folding of the crust may occur.
d)
The rocks on both sides of the fault easily slide past each other.
22.
When friction between the opposite sides of a fault is low, _____.
a)
the rocks easily slide past each other
b)
small earthquakes occur
c)
seismographs detect only P waves
d)
the rocks lock together
23.
When are big earthquakes most likely?
a)
when friction between rocks is high
b)
when friction between rocks is low
c)
when friction between rocks is moderate
d)
when friction between rocks is variable
24.
The basic pattern of lines that is the record of an earthquake’s seismic waves is called a _____.
a)
seismogram
b)
seismograph
c)
cardiogram
d)
fault graph
25.
How do geologists map a fault?
a)
by using data from reflected seismic waves
b)
by using sonar to detect the fault lines
c)
using satellites to map variations in the Earth’s surface
d)
using temperature changes due to friction along faults
26.
Which of the following can cause damage days or months after a large earthquake?
a)
an aftershock
b)
liquefaction
c)
a tsunami
d)
surface waves
27.
What happens to the wave height of a tsunami as it approaches shallow water?
a)
It becomes much larger than it was in the open ocean.
b)
It begins to lose energy and become lower than in the open ocean
c)
It is about the same height as when it is in the open ocean.
d)
It is variable depending on the distance traveled on the open ocean.
28.
Geologists know that wherever plate movement stores energy in the rock along faults, _____.
a)
earthquakes are likely
b)
earthquakes are not likely
c)
an earthquake will occur
d)
an earthquake could not occur
29.
If the Coast Guard warns of a giant wave of water approaching the shore as a result of a major earthquake, it is warning of _____.
a)
a tsunami.
b)
liquefaction
c)
a hurricane
d)
an aftershock
30.
The process in which the violent shaking of an earthquake turns soft soil into liquid mud is called _____.
a)
liquefaction
b)
landslide
c)
tsunami
d)
mudslide
31.
What causes a tsunami?
a)
The ocean floor rises due to an earthquake.
b)
The ocean floor drops due to an earthquake.
c)
The energy from P waves is transferred to the water.
d)
The energy from S waves is transferred to the water.
32.
Which area of the United States has the highest risk of earthquakes?
a)
Western coastline
b)
Eastern coastline
c)
Gulf of Mexico
d)
central plains
33.
Why is the risk of earthquakes in California among the highest in the United States?
a)
It is where the Pacific and North American plates meet.
b)
Serious earthquakes are rare east of the Rocky Mountains.
c)
Satellites have detected increasing elevation of the ground surface.
d)
There have been no earthquakes there recently.
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