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WorksheetsAP Psych - Unit 4 - Learning
Total questions: 31
Worksheet time: 16mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
In a conditioning experiment, a sound is paired with a brief puff of air to the eye of the rabbit. After several pairings, the rabbit ultimately blinks its eye when it hears the sound. Which of the following is true?
a)
The blinking of the eye serves as stimulus.
b)
The puff of air serves as the conditioned stimulus.
c)
The puff of air serves as the unconditioned stimulus.
d)
The blinking of the eye serves as the conditioned stimulus.
2.
Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry, her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry, by drooling and whining. She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry, the sound of the door had become a(n) ________.
a)
conditioned response
b)
conditioned stimulus
c)
unconditioned stimulus
d)
unconditioned response
3.
The fact that you prefer blondes because your last love interest had blonde hair best illustrates ________.
a)
stimulus discrimination
b)
spontaneous recovery
c)
discrimination gradient
d)
stimulus generalization
4.
What could John Watson have done to eliminate Little Albert's conditioned fear?
a)
Show Albert a rat many times without a loud noise following so that extinction would occur.
b)
Sound a different type of loud noise many times with a rat present.
c)
Show Albert a toy dog instead of a live rat.
d)
Let Albert touch a Santa Claus beard repeatedly.
5.
A sea slug learns to withdraw its gill after repeatedly being squirted by water. After repeated squirting, the withdrawal response lessens. Which term would learning theorists use to describe this reaction?
a)
operant conditioning
b)
negative reinforcement
c)
habituation
d)
conditioned stimulus
6.
Learning that certain events occur together is called
a)
observational learning.
b)
associative learning.
c)
latent learning.
d)
conditioned reinforcement.
7.
Last year, Dr. Moritano cleaned Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?
a)
observational learning
b)
operant conditioning
c)
classical conditioning
d)
latent learning
8.
Which of the following is an unconditioned response?
a)
running through a maze to get a food reward
b)
getting money as a reward
c)
clapping after a thrilling concert performance
d)
sweating in hot weather
9.
A child's learned fear at the sight of a hypodermic needle is a(n)
a)
conditioned stimulus.
b)
unconditioned response.
c)
unconditioned stimulus.
d)
conditioned response.
10.
The infant Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was associated with a loud noise. In this example, fear of the white rat was the
a)
CS
b)
UCR
c)
CR
d)
UCS
11.
Which of the following best illustrates higher-order conditioning?
a)
a little boy who doesn't run into the street after being reprimanded by his mother
b)
a dog conditioned to salivate to a low-pitched tone
c)
a rat that has developed a taste aversion to a vanilla-flavored solution paired with a drug
d)
a child who fears dogs after being bitten shows fear when she hears a dog bark
12.
The tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called
a)
shaping.
b)
conditioned reinforcement.
c)
generalization.
d)
spontaneous recovery.
13.
Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother. This best illustrates the value of
a)
discrimination
b)
intermittent reinforcement
c)
shaping
d)
spontaneous recovery
14.
B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called
a)
shaping
b)
latent learning
c)
behaviorism
d)
the law of effect
15.
You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to
a)
dislike the taste of dead birds.
b)
salivate when presented with food.
c)
retrieve sticks and balls.
d)
fear cars in the street.
16.
A rat in a Skinner box is reinforced with a food pellet only if the rat moves close to the lever. Next, reinforcement is withheld until the rat stands on its hind legs, then until the rat touches the lever, and finally, until the rat presses the lever. This example best illustrates
a)
shaping.
b)
modeling.
c)
generalization.
d)
latent learning.
17.
Every Saturday morning, Arnold quickly washes the family's breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing the car is a(n)
a)
positive reinforcer.
b)
negative reinforcer.
c)
punishment.
d)
conditioned response.
18.
Mason, a stockbroker, runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress. Mason's running habit is maintained by a(n) ________ reinforcer.
a)
positive
b)
negative
c)
conditioned
d)
partial
19.
What is the difference between a primary and a conditioned reinforcer?
a)
Primary reinforcers are unlearned and innately satisfying; conditioned reinforcers are learned.
b)
Primary reinforcers are presented immediately after the behavior; conditioned reinforcers are presented after a delay.
c)
Primary reinforcers are introduced every time the behavior occurs; conditioned reinforcers are introduced only sometimes.
d)
Primary reinforcers lead to rapid learning of the behavior; conditioned reinforcers produce greater resistance to extinction.
20.
The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of good grades as ________ is to ________.
a)
primary reinforcer; conditioned reinforcer
b)
partial reinforcement; continuous reinforcement
c)
delayed reinforcer; immediate reinforcer
d)
operant conditioning; classical conditioning
21.
A trainer wants to train a chicken to peck a key to obtain food. If she wants the chicken to learn this trick quickly and the behavior to be resistant to extinction, she should use ________ reinforcement until the response is mastered and then follow with a period of ________ reinforcement.
a)
positive; negative
b)
continuous; partial
c)
partial; continuous
d)
negative; positive
22.
A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)
a)
specific number of rewards and punishments are applied.
b)
specified time period has elapsed.
c)
unpredictable number of responses have been made.
d)
specified number of responses have been made.
23.
Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.
a)
fixed-ratio
b)
fixed-interval
c)
variable-interval
d)
variable-ratio
24.
The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.
a)
positive reinforcer; negative reinforcer
b)
reinforcement; punishment
c)
primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer
d)
acquisition; extinction
25.
Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of
a)
primary reinforcers.
b)
respondent behavior.
c)
cognitive processes.
d)
spontaneous recovery.
26.
Caroline was halfway through writing an essay for her English class, when she couldn't think of what to say next. She decided to stop working on the essay for a while. When she returned to her desk, she suddenly realized what she should write. Caroline's experience best illustrates
a)
shaping.
b)
latent learning.
c)
spontaneous recovery.
d)
insight.
27.
Researchers trained pigs to pick up large wooden “dollars” and deposit them in a piggy bank. Instead of picking up the wooden discs, the pigs would drop them, push them with their snouts, and then pick them up to put them in the piggy bank. This behavior best illustrates
a)
shaping.
b)
latent learning.
c)
latent learning.
d)
instinctive drift.
28.
Dan and Joel, both 4-year-olds, have been watching reruns of “Superman” on television. Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try flying. What best accounts for the boys' behavior?
a)
shaping
b)
classical conditioning
c)
observational learning
d)
delayed reinforcement
29.
getting one dollar for picking three pint-boxes of blueberries
a)
FI
b)
VI
c)
FR
d)
VR
30.
an athlete renegotiating a contract every 3 years
a)
VI
b)
FI
c)
VR
d)
FR
31.
pulling up rocks, looking for warms (for bait for your fishing rod)
a)
FI
b)
VI
c)
FR
d)
VR
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