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WorksheetsUnit One Exam Review
Total questions: 104
Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The condition that exists when the probability that the findings are not due to chance
a)
statistical significance
b)
experimenter bias
c)
confounding variables
2.
each time a study is repeated, the results are consistent.
a)
validity
b)
reliability
c)
sample
3.
Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable.
a)
control group
b)
population
c)
confounding variables
4.
The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
confounding variable
5.
The subgroup of the population that participates in the study
a)
sample
b)
assignment
c)
group
6.
A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results.
a)
placebo
b)
case study
c)
experimenter bias
7.
The subgroup of the sample that receives the independent variable.
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
population
8.
Division of the sample into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group or condition.
a)
single blind
b)
double blind
c)
random assignment
d)
random sampling
9.
A psychological or physical treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but that contains no active ingredient.
a)
independent variable
b)
placebo
c)
dependent variable
10.
A description of the specific procedure used to determine the presence of a variable. Created so that the experiment can be replicated by others.
a)
operational definition
b)
independent variable
c)
controlled group
11.
Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.
a)
single blind study
b)
case study
c)
double blind study
12.
The extent to which an instrument measure what it is supposed to measure.
a)
reliability
b)
validity
c)
standardized
13.
Suggested rules for acting responsible and morally when conducting research.
a)
ethics
b)
guidelines
c)
rules
14.
Measures the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set.
a)
median
b)
range
c)
standard deviation
15.
Correlational research where one specific group of people or person is studied in detail through interviews, file reviews, etc. Not generalizable.
a)
case study
b)
naturalistic evaluation
c)
experiment
16.
Research design in which participants don't know whether they are in experimental or control group.
a)
double blind
b)
naturalistic observation
c)
single blind
17.
A response to the belief that the independent variable will have an effect on the subjects when they haven't been given the independent variable.
a)
placebo effect
b)
case study
c)
experiment
18.
The comparison group, the subgroup of the sample that is similar to the experimental group in every way except for the presence of the independent variable.
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
population
19.
Prediction of how or more factors are likely to be related.
a)
validity
b)
theory
c)
hypothesis
20.
Organized sets of concepts that explain phenomena
a)
theories
b)
hypothesis
c)
ideas
21.
The behavior or mental process that is measured in an experiment (the effect)
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
random sample
22.
Careful observations of humans or animals in real life situations
a)
case study
b)
survey
c)
naturalistic observation
23.
Obtain large samples of abilities, beliefs or behaviors through written or interview questions.
a)
case study
b)
naturalistic observation
c)
survye
24.
All of the individuals in the gorup to which the study applies
a)
random sample
b)
population
c)
group
25.
Repetition of the methods used in a previous experiment to see whether the same methods will yield the same results.
a)
validity
b)
research
c)
replication
26.
Social loafing is to social facilitation as
a)
slacking is to cheering.
b)
helping is to ignoring.
c)
altruism is to apathy.
d)
a pep talk is to a scolding.
27.
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in highly emotional group situations in which people feel anonymous.
a)
conformity
b)
deindividuation
c)
prejudice
d)
groupthink
28.
How many of the participants in the Milgram study gave the highest shock to the learners?
a)
about one-half
b)
about three-fourths
c)
about two-thirds
d)
about one-third
29.
What is the most effective strategy to reduce prejudice and us-them thinking?
a)
Having groups work together on a task requiring cooperation to reach a common goal
b)
Discouraging social contact between groups
c)
Establishing legal equality of all groups
d)
Education about social issues and diversity
30.
Who conducted an experiment in conformity in which people were asked to judge the length of lines?
a)
Muzafer Sherif
b)
Philip Zimbardo
c)
Solomon Asch
d)
Stanley Milgram
31.
Which of the following is a sign of groupthink?
a)
An illusion of vulnerability
b)
An illusion of anonymity
c)
Unbiased information seeking
d)
Self-censorship
32.
“Mary earns high grades because she is a genius” is an example of a(n)
a)
just world phenomenon
b)
fundamental attribution error
c)
cognitive dissonance
d)
ingroup bias
33.
You may experience cognitive dissonance if
a)
you learn that a friend you have been sticking up for has lied to you.
b)
you take a job that you dislike in order to feed your family.
c)
you are required to write an essay on a topic you don't agree with.
d)
all of the above
34.
Group polarization is the tendency for
a)
a group to become divided on an issue.
b)
a group's opinion to strengthen after discussion with like-minded people.
c)
a group to become extreme in their viewpoints when challenged.
d)
a group to bond during a difficult circumstance.
35.
Chuck is a boss whose philosophy is that if you ask employees to do small jobs, then it is easier to get them to do the large jobs no one likes. It sounds like Chuck knows about
a)
the central route to persuasion
b)
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
c)
ingroup bias
d)
attitude
36.
When is a person less likely to conform?
a)
when the group is unanimous
b)
when the person feels incompetent
c)
when the group will not see how the person responds
d)
when the person admires the group
37.
Failure to take action because of the presence of others is an example of
a)
altruism.
b)
polarization.
c)
social loafing.
d)
the bystander effect.
38.
What is the difference between members of an in-group and an out-group?
a)
Members of the in-group rely on members of the out-group for leadership.
b)
Members of the in-group set the agenda that members of the out-group must follow.
c)
Members of the in-group identify with each other, but not with members of the out-group.
d)
Members of the in-group are constantly seeking to join the members of the out-group.
39.
You don’t like alcohol, but all your friends are drinking beer at a party so you do too. This is an example of
a)
groupthink.
b)
obedience.
c)
catharsis.
d)
conformity.
40.
Which of the following occurs when you agree to the request of another person even though you don’t think the request is right?
a)
deindividuation
b)
compliance
c)
bystander effect
d)
social loafing
41.
The bystander effect increases with
a)
obedience of the crowd.
b)
the social facilitation of the crowd.
c)
the size of the crowd.
d)
the altruism of the crowd.
42.
Going from a small favor to a large favor with another person is called?
a)
the appreciation gradient
b)
foot-in-the-door
c)
positive reinforcement
d)
psychoanalysis
43.
The tendency to overestimate disposition & underestimate the situation when analyzing the behavior of others is known as ___.
a)
Disposition
b)
Fundamental Attribution Error
c)
General Adaptation Syndrome
d)
Emotional Blends
44.
___ is when one's attitudes don't match his/her feelings.
a)
Obedience to Authority
b)
Cognitive Dissonance
c)
Conformity
d)
Social Influence
45.
___ states that the more we see or experience of something, the more we will like it.
a)
The Social Thinking Theory
b)
Attraction
c)
The Mere Exposure Effect
d)
Foot in the Door
46.
The tendency for people to preform differently when in the presence of others, compared to when alone, is known as ___.
a)
Peer Pressure
b)
Acting
c)
Appearance
d)
Social Facilitation
47.
As the number of bystanders increases, the chance of an individual helping one in need ___.
a)
Increases
b)
Decreases
c)
Stays the Same
48.
The tendency to withhold assistance when other people are present.
a)
authoritarian
b)
social decision
c)
social loafing
d)
Bystander effect
49.
Social loafing refers to...
a)
an individual’s tendency to slack off when working in a group rather than working alone.
b)
an individual's tendency to work alone rather than in a group
c)
an individual's tendency to be concerned about others' opinions
d)
an individual's tendency to NOT be concerned with others' opinions
50.
Tendency of people to feel less responsibility for accomplishing a task when the task is shared by members of a group.
a)
Diffusion of Responsibility
b)
Risk Shift
c)
polarization
d)
Evaluation apprehension
51.
Research on physical attractiveness has shown that
a)
most people disregard physical attractiveness when forming first impressions of others
b)
desirable personality characteristics are typically ascribed to good-looking people
c)
good-looking people tend to be viewed as less intelligent and competent
d)
men are less likely than women to make biased judgments of others based on physical appearance
52.
A man who believes that "women just don't make good leaders" may dwell on his female supervisor's mistakes and quickly forget about her achievements. This scenario illustrates which of the following concepts?
a)
defensive attribution
b)
illusory correlation effect
c)
bystander effect
d)
diffusion of responsibility
53.
A student has just failed a psychology exam. Which of the following explanations is LEAST likely to be evidence of the self-serving bias?
a)
My teacher hates me
b)
That material was so hard that no one could have passed that class
c)
I didn't study hard enough
d)
That room was too hot for me to concentrate.
54.
One way to reduce intergroup conflict is to establish
a)
superordinate goals
b)
group polarization
c)
counterconformity
d)
diffusion of responsibility
55.
Solomon Asch’s findings on conformity might best be used to explain why
a)
members of a family all like the taste of bananas
b)
adolescents follow fads in dress and hairstyle
c)
people are less likely to accept blame for their failures than accept credit for their successes
d)
performance is enhanced in the presence of others
56.
In Stanley Milgram's research on obedience, the "teacher" routinely
a)
resisted the authority figure
b)
obeyed the authority figure
c)
conformed to the other participant's answers
57.
A club president discovers that contributions of club members drop when the total contribution of all members is published rather than the contributions of individuals. Why?
a)
group polarization
b)
learned helplessness
c)
social loafing
d)
social facilitation
58.
Which of the following explains the behavior of normally law-abiding people who act destructively when they are part of a crowd?
a)
group polarization
b)
mere exposure effect
c)
deindividuation
d)
fundamental attribution error
59.
Which of the following is an example of social facilitation?
a)
A student scores higher on tests taken with classmates than with strangers
b)
A kid reads more books when promised free pizza for reading a greater number.
c)
An athlete performs better in games before a large crowd than she does in practice
d)
An editor’s productivity increases when she is given a private office
60.
Holding a predetermined belief about a group of people, regardless of the personal qualities of the individual members, is referred to as
a)
stereotyping
b)
discrimination
c)
dissonance
d)
polarization
61.
When the jury deliberated, most thought that the defendant in the case was probably innocent, but some weren't certain. After discussing the case for four hours, all twelve jurors are now firmly convinced that the defendant did not commit the crime. What explains the strengthening of opinions?
a)
groupthink
b)
bystander effect
c)
social facilitation
d)
group polarization
62.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of groupthink?
a)
dividing the world into the ingroup and the outgroup
b)
censoring dissent from group members
c)
gathering all the relevant information before making a decision
d)
Blindly agreeing with the leader of a group
63.
Which of the following terms is used to describe the process by which important group decisions may be distorted because different viewpoints are not encouraged?
a)
intellectualizing
b)
just world hypothesis
c)
groupthink
d)
social loafing
64.
Tests of _____ measure what an individual can do now, whereas tests of ____ predict what an individual can do later.
a)
aptitude; achievement
b)
achievement; aptitude
c)
reliability; validity
d)
validity; reliability
65.
By what age does a child's performance on an intelligence test stabilize?
a)
2
b)
3
c)
6
d)
7
66.
Twenty-two-year-old Dan has an intelligence scoreof 63 and the academic skills of a fourth-grader, and is unable to live independently. Dan probably has
a)
Down syndrome
b)
savant syndrome
c)
intellectual disability disorder
d)
gifted intelligence
67.
Current estimates are that ____ percent of the total variation among intelligence scores can be attributed to genetic factors.
a)
less than 10
b)
approx 25
c)
about 50
d)
75 and over
68.
Current intelligence tests compute an individual's intelligence score as
a)
MA divided by CA X 100
b)
CA divided by MA X 100
c)
the amount one deviates from the avg. performances of peers
d)
verbal score to nonverbal intelligence score
69.
The bell-shaped distribution of intelligence scores in the general population is called a
a)
g distribution
b)
standardization curve
c)
bimodal distribution
d)
normal distribution
70.
Before about age _______, intelligence tests genereally do not predict predict future scores.
a)
1
b)
3
c)
5
d)
10
71.
Melvin had been diagnosed with savant syndrome, which means that he
a)
has an IQ of 120 or higher
b)
would score high on a test of analytic intelligence
c)
is limited in mental ability but has 1 exceptional ability
d)
was exposed to high levels of testosterone during prenatal development
72.
Don's intelligence scores were average, but he has been successful as a corporate manager. Sternberg would suggest that
a)
his verbal intelligence exceeds his performace intelligence
b)
his performance intelligence exceeds his verbal intelligence
c)
his academic intelligence exceeds practical intelligence
d)
his practical intelligence exceeds his academic intelligence
73.
Gina has superb social skills, manages conflicts well, and has great empathy. Goleman would probably say that he posesses a high degree of
a)
g
b)
social intelligence
c)
practical intelligence
d)
emotional intelligence
74.
Gina has superb social skills, manages conflicts well, and has great empathy. Goleman would probably say that he posesses a high degree of
a)
g
b)
social intelligence
c)
practical intelligence
d)
emotional intelligence
75.
The test created by Alfred Binet was designed specifically to
a)
measure inborn intelligence in adults
b)
measure inborn intelligence in children
c)
predict school performance in children
d)
identify mentally retarded children so that they can institutionalized
76.
What can be concluded form early intelligence testing in the United States?
a)
Most European immigrants were "feeble-minded"
b)
Army recruits of other than West European heritage were intellectually deficient
c)
tests were biased against people who did not share the culture assumed by the test
d)
None of these things can be concluded
77.
Standardization refers to the process of
a)
accuracy with which a test measures what it is supposed to
b)
scores relative to a representative pretested group
c)
consistency of test scores obtained by retesting people
d)
success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict
78.
The Flynn effect refers to the fact that
a)
White and Black infants score equally well on measures of intelligence
b)
Asian students outperform North American students on math tests
c)
IQ scores of today's better-fed and educated population exceed that of1930's population
d)
individual differences within a race are much greater than between-race differences
79.
Jack takes the same test of mechanical reasoning on several different days and gets virtually identical scores. This suggests that the test has
a)
high content validity
b)
high reliability
c)
high predictive validity
d)
been standardized
80.
Sorting children into gifted and nongifted educational groups
a)
creates a self-fulling prophecy
b)
increases social isolation between groups
c)
promotes racial segregation and prejudice
d)
has all of these effects
81.
In his study of children with high intelligence scores, Terman found that
a)
the children were more emotional and less healthy
b)
the children were ostracized by classmates
c)
the children were healthy, well-adjusted, and did well academically
d)
the kids didn't do Ms. K's HW!
82.
In his study of children with high intelligence scores, Terman found that
a)
the children were more emotional and less healthy
b)
the children were ostracized by classmates
c)
the children were healthy, well-adjusted, and did well academically
d)
the kids didn't do Ms. Burns HW!
83.
In his study of children with high intelligence scores, Terman found that
a)
the children were more emotional and less healthy
b)
the children were ostracized by classmates
c)
the children were healthy, well-adjusted, and did well academically
d)
the kids didn't do Ms. K's HW!
84.
Which of the following provides the strongest evidence of the role of heredity in determining intelligence? Intelligence scores of ...
a)
identical twins raised separately are more similar than fraternal twins raised together
b)
fraternal twins are more similar than those of ordinary sibilings
c)
identical twins raised together are more similar than identical twins raised apart
d)
adopted children show relatively weak correlations with scores of adoptive as well as biological parents
85.
An IQ score above 130 indicates one is
a)
giftedness
b)
intellectually challenged
86.
An IQ score below 70 indicates
a)
giftedness
b)
intellectual disability
87.
The fact that identical twins' IQ scores are so close together (highly correlated) even when they are raised apart suggests
a)
intelligence is strongly genetic
b)
intelligence has a strong environmental component
c)
Identical twins attend better schools than fraternal twins
d)
Adopted parents have a positive effect on intelligence.
88.
The correlation of intelligence test scores between identical twins is
a)
higher
when they are raised together than when they are raised apart
b)
lower
than that for fraternal twins raised together
c)
the same as that for any other blood
relatives
d)
the
same whether they are reared together or apart
89.
Evelyn, who is 75, takes longer to solve problems that require abstract reasoning than she did when she was 35. This tendency indicates
a)
A
decrease in her overall intelligence level
b)
An
increase in her crystallized ability
c)
A
decline in her fluid intelligence
d)
Failing
eyesight, which can be compensated for
by large print being used on a test
90.
Marsha was rejected by UTA because she scored low on her SAT. An influential alumnus of the college intervened on the student’s behalf and the student was admitted. Four years later she graduated with honors. The most likely explanation of this outcome is that the test
a)
contained some degree of bias against women
b)
had less than perfect validity
c)
had less than perfect reliability
d)
was not standardized
91.
Mark, a high school senior, gives wise advice to incoming freshmen. It is likely that Mark has higher ______ than the freshmen.
a)
intelligence
b)
fluid intelligence
c)
crystallized intelligence
d)
kinesthetic intelligence
92.
A disadvantage of using Alfred Binet’s concept of mental age in assessing intelligence is that
a)
it is
inappropriate for adults
b)
its
norms are no longer appropriate
c)
it
has a gender bias
d)
it
produces unreliable test results among rural children
93.
The distribution of IQ scores
a)
is
approximately normal or bell-shaped
b)
shows
that most score between 80 and 100
c)
reveals
a difference in the average for men and women
d)
falls
off abruptly above 100
94.
In a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean?
a)
It
contains the bottom 50% of the distribution
b)
It
contains the middle 50% of the distribution
c)
It
contains the bottom 68% of the distribution
d)
It
contains the middle 68% of the distribution
95.
When a person of limited intelligence shows exceptional abilities in art, music, mental arithmetic, or calendar calculations, it is called
a)
savant
b)
giftedness
c)
discalcula
d)
genius
96.
Titchener believed that psychology should study the basic elements of conscious experience and belonged to, which school of thought?
a)
Behaviorism
b)
Functionalism
c)
Humanism
d)
Structuralism
97.
Which school of psychology would most likely have written a book titled The Whole is More than the Parts?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Gestalt
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Behavioral
98.
Who wrote the first psychology textbook, was the first American psychologist, and believed psychology should study the functions of consciousness?
a)
Carl Rogers
b)
John Watson
c)
William James
d)
Willhelm Wundt
99.
Darwin’s theory of evolution influenced which school of thought?
a)
Structuralism
b)
Functionalism
c)
Gestalt
d)
Cognitive
100.
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Abraham Maslow
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
B.F. Skinner
101.
Which perspective believed psychology should emphasize the potential for growth of each human being and an individual’s freedom to make their own decisions?
a)
Biological
b)
Humanistic
c)
Psychodynamic
d)
Behavioral
102.
Which psychologist studied children’s thought processes (cognitive development)?
a)
Erik Erikson
b)
Carl Rogers
c)
Abraham Maslow
d)
Jean Piaget
103.
Which psychological perspective focuses on how we think about information?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behavioral
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Psychodynamic
104.
Which psychological perspective would be most interested in studying our brain structures & chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.?
a)
Biological
b)
Structuralism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Humanistic
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