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Geology Unit Test Practice

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
the ability of a mineral to resist scratching
a)
Streak
b)
Fracture
c)
Hardness
d)
Cleavage
2.
The tendency for a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form, smooth flat surfaces is called...
a)
Cleavage
b)
Fracture
c)
Crystallization
d)
Habit
3.
What is the best definition of a mineral?
a)
living substance
b)
non-living substance
c)
solid, organic substance
d)
naturally formed, inorganic, solid
4.
The color of the powdered form of a mineral found by rubbing a mineral against a white tile.
a)
Luster
b)
Cleavage
c)
Streak
d)
Fracture
5.
What process is used to form sedimentary rocks?
a)
Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b)
Bits of sand and gravel form layers that turn into rock from pressure.
c)
Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.
d)
Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.
6.
What happens when an a rock is cooled extremely fast?
a)
it develops a glassy texture 
b)
it develops a fine grained texture
c)
it develops a coarse texture 
d)
it develops a molten liquid texture
7.
What has to increase for metamorphism to occur? 
a)
weathering and erosion
b)
temperature and pressure
c)
melting and cooling
d)
compaction ad cementation
8.
Acid rain is most likely to cause...
a)
deposition
b)
glaciers to move
c)
chemical weathering
d)
mechanical weathering
9.
Pick the correct difference between a rock and a mineral.
a)
A rock can be made up of minerals, but minerals cannot be made up of a rock.
b)
A mineral can be made up of rocks, but rocks cannot be made up of minerals.
c)
A rock always has the same shape, while minerals may be different in shape.
d)
A mineral always has the same shape, while a rock may be different in shape.
10.
The rock cycle 
a)
ends with igneous rock
b)
begins with igneous rocks
c)
ends with metamorphic rocks
d)
has no beginning or end
11.
A solid material that is made up of one or more minerals.
a)
mineral
b)
rock
c)
fossil
d)
soil
12.
What type of rocks would I most likely see at the top of a volcano?
a)
igneous
b)
metamorphic
c)
sedimentary
d)
minerals
13.

Which type of climate will have faster chemical weathering?

a)

Hot and lots of rainfall

b)

Cold and little rainfall

c)

Hot and Cold

d)

Cold and lots of rainfall

14.
Wind blowing sand from one location to another
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Melting
15.
What type of fossil is made of water and minerals hardening into rock in the mold of the decomposed animal, plant, or shell?
a)
trace
b)
cast
c)
mold
d)
whole/part
16.
This type of fossil forms when the mud or sand hardens to stone where a footprint, trail, or burrow of an organism was left behind. 
a)
carbonized
b)
trace
c)
petrified
d)
mold
17.
fossil type described as hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism
a)
mold
b)
cast
c)
trace fossil
d)
preserved remains
18.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
19.

When looking at layers of undisturbed rocks, we can determine

a)

That the oldest layers are at the top of the stack

b)

That the oldest layers are at the bottom of the stack

c)

Exactly how old each rock layer is

d)

The types of fossils in each layer

20.
What does the theory of continental drift state?
a)
The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time
b)
Continents are stationary and do not move
c)
The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents
d)
none of the above
21.
Why did no one believe Wegener's thoery?
a)
He could not explain HOW the continents moved
b)
He didn't have evidence
c)
His data was wrong
d)
He didn't use the right technology to gather data
22.
What two specific continents fit together most noticeably?
a)
Africa and North America
b)
South America and Europe
c)
South America and Africa
d)
Antartica and Africa
23.
Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates to move?
a)
Energy from the Sun
b)
Magnetic Pole Reversal
c)
Convection currents in the mantle
d)
Faults in Mountain Ranges
24.
This layer of Earth is the thickest part
a)
crust
b)
outer core
c)
mantle
d)
inner core
25.

Which type of plate boundary would cause mountains to form?

a)

Transform

b)

Convergent

c)

Divergent

d)

Reform

26.
The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the Mid-Ocean Ridge were all created by this boundary
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Reform
d)
Transform
27.
Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely found in which locations?
a)
At plate boundaries
b)
in oceans
c)
in the middle of continents
d)
in the middle of plates
28.
Geologists obtain evidence about Earth's interior by...
a)
measuring pressure at the surface
b)
studying seismic waves
c)
drilling through each layer
d)
estimation of temperature in the layers
29.
What type of boundary does not destroy or create new crust?
a)
Divergent
b)
Transform 
c)
Convergent
30.
Whenever a subduction zone is formed a ______ is formed.
a)
Mountain
b)
Island Arc
c)
Rift
d)
Volcano
31.
Shaking of the ground caused by the sudden movement of large blocks of rock along a fault
a)
Tsunami
b)
Earthquake
c)
Aftershock
d)
volcano
32.
An opening in the Earth's crust through which molten rock, rock fragments, and gasses erupt.
a)
geyser
b)
volcano
c)
earthquake
d)
aftershock
33.
The Pacific ring of volcanos that erupt and cause tsunami is called what?
a)
Ring Of Fire
b)
Volcanic Ring
c)
Ring or the Pacific
d)
Epicenter
34.
Most tsunamis occur here.
a)
Atlantic Ocean
b)
Indian Ocean
c)
Arctic Ocean
d)
Pacific Ocean
35.

In Japan, a country located on the Ring of Fire, residents have to worry about...

a)

active volcanoes

b)

earthquakes

c)

tsunamis

d)

all of these

36.
Tectonic plates are made of
a)
the crust and part of the mantle
b)
only the crust
c)
only the mantle
d)
the core
37.
When hot materials rises and cold material sinks, it creates
a)
convection currents
b)
conduction currents
c)
radiation currents
d)
tectonic plates
38.

When rock is melted, it forms

a)

sediments

b)

igneous rock

c)

magma

d)

metamorphic rock

39.
The ___________ is the layer of Earth that is hottest, while the _____________ is the layer of Earth that is coolest
a)
inner core, crust
b)
outer core, crust
c)
crust, inner core
d)
crust, outer core
40.

The plunge pool shown in the diagram was formed due to

a)

deposition

b)

evaporation

c)

erosion

d)

precipitation

41.

What process happened to the layers of rock shown in the diagram?

a)

Faulting

b)

Folding

c)

Tilting

d)

Weathering

42.

This is a fossil of Lystrosaurus. Its fossils have been found in both South America and Africa. Which statement best explains why its fossils are found on both continents?

a)

This dinosaur could fly to distant locations

b)

The continents used to be joined together

c)

Predators transported remains from one continent to another

d)

Glaciers transported the remains from one continent to another

43.

Which type of rock forms from layers of sand and pieces of rock being cemented together?

a)

igneous rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

metamorphic rock

44.

Small pieces of rocks and minerals are called

a)

sediments

b)

magma

c)

minerals

d)

lava

45.

What is the name of the supercontinent that existed 250 million years ago?

a)

Wegener

b)

Pangaea

c)

Continental Drift

d)

Tectonic Plates

46.

Fossils found in layer A are __________ than fossils found in layer B

a)

younger

b)

older

c)

the same age as

47.

Fossils are most likely to be found in

a)

igenous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

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