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WorksheetsESS Benchmark 2
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 33mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following is NOT a property that can be used to identify a mineral?
a)
luster
b)
crystal size
c)
cleavage
d)
streak
2.
A mineral’s hardness with respect to other minerals can be determined by
a)
its specific gravity.
b)
the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.
c)
its magnetic properties.
d)
the cleavage planes.
3.
Igneous rocks tend to be
a)
radioactive.
b)
full of gold.
c)
resistant to weathering.
d)
vulnerable to weathering.
4.
Igneous rocks that cool quickly on Earth’s surface are ____.
a)
extrusive
b)
intrusive
c)
metamorphic
d)
always magnetic
5.
Igneous rocks formed when magma
a)
erodes.
b)
undergoes radioactive decay.
c)
crystallizes.
d)
weathers.
6.
What is true about minerals?
a)
They are naturally occurring and inorganic.
b)
They can be synthetically produced.
c)
They are organic and inorganic.
d)
They can be synthetically produced.
7.
Minerals always exist in a(n) ____ form.
a)
liquid
b)
solid
c)
gaseous
d)
organic
8.
Igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth’s crust are ____.
a)
extrusive
b)
intrusive
c)
sedimentary
d)
always magnetic
9.
Intrusive igneous rocks form ____.
a)
fine-grained rocks
b)
when a molten mass of rocks cools quickly
c)
on Earth's surface
d)
coarse-grained rocks
10.
Igneous rocks are strong because of their
a)
temperature.
b)
color.
c)
water content.
d)
interlocking grain textures.
11.
The type of metamorphism that occurs when very hot water reacts with and alters the mineralogy of rock is
a)
contact.
b)
regional.
c)
hydrothermal.
d)
local.
12.
The metamorphism of limestone results in the formation of ____.
a)
quartzite
b)
marble
c)
gneiss
d)
silver
13.
Contact metamorphism occurs under conditions of
a)
high temperature and high pressure.
b)
high temperature and moderate to low pressure.
c)
low temperature and very high pressure.
d)
low temperature and moderate to low pressure.
14.
Minerals that crystallize at higher temperatures as a result of contact metamorphism tend to be found near
a)
coal deposits
b)
bodies of water
c)
coral reefs
d)
igneous intrusions
15.
Hot fluids migrating into and out of a rock during metamorphism can change the rock’s
a)
chemistry.
b)
energy.
c)
grade.
d)
fossil content.
16.
Metamorphic rocks in which the long axes of their minerals are perpendicular to the pressure that altered them are described as
a)
marble-like.
b)
quartz-like.
c)
foliated.
d)
nonfoliated.
17.
What type of sedimentary rock is coarse-grained with angular fragments?
a)
foliates
b)
nonfoliates
c)
conglomerates
d)
breccias
18.
What type of sediment particles are similar in size?
a)
sorted
b)
unsorted
c)
clastic
d)
dissolved
19.
What results when rocks come in contact with molten rocks such as those in an igneous intrusions?
a)
precipitation
b)
regional
c)
contact metamorphism
d)
hydrothermal metamorphism
20.
Metamorphic rocks that lack mineral grains with long axes oriented in one direction are described as
a)
marbel-like.
b)
quartzite-like.
c)
foliated.
d)
nonfoliated.
21.
Which is NOT an agent of chemical weathering?
a)
water
b)
temperature
c)
oxygen
d)
carbon dioxide
22.
Which type of erosion is least noticeable?
a)
water erosion
b)
wind erosion
c)
glacial erosion
d)
animal erosion
23.
In which of the following climates would chemical weathering most readily occur?
a)
wet and warm
b)
dry and warm
c)
wet and cool
d)
dry and cool
24.
Which of the following has the potential for the most erosion?
a)
water flowing across a flatland
b)
Water expands when it freezes.
c)
Water combines with atmospheric gases to form acid rain.
d)
Water reacts with and can dissolve many kinds of minerals.
25.
Which of the following characteristics of water can be responsible for mechanical weathering?
a)
water flows downstream
b)
water expands when it freezes
c)
water combines with atmospheric gases to form acid rain
d)
water reacts with and can dissolve many kinds of fluid
26.
In which of the following areas is wind a major erosional agent?
a)
grassland
b)
temperate forests
c)
deserts
d)
tropical rain forests
27.
Which of the following could increase the rate of chemical weathering of a rock?
a)
moving it to a location with few plants and animals
b)
moving to a drier climate
c)
increasing total surface area
d)
moving it to a colder climate
28.
The slow, steady, downhill flow of loose, weathered earth materials is called
a)
deflation
b)
slump
c)
creep
d)
loess
29.
Rocks that are shaped by windblown sediment are known as
a)
dunes
b)
ventifacts
c)
straitions
d)
drumlins
30.
Streams flowing under a melting glacier deposit long, winding ridges of layered sediments called
a)
moraines
b)
eskers
c)
avalanches
d)
landslides
31.
The lowering of the land surface that results from the wind�s removal of surface particles is known as
a)
suspension
b)
deposition by meltwaters
c)
abrasion
d)
deflation
32.
Glaciers covered 30 percent of Earth during the last ice age that began about
a)
10000 years
b)
2.6 million years ago.
c)
2000 years ago.
d)
50 million years ago.
33.
Barrier islands are formed when ____.
a)
the ocean floor is uplifted
b)
the wind continuously blows sand out to sea
c)
sand is repeatedly picked up, moved, and deposited by ocean currents
d)
sand bars are worn away
34.
Which of the following statements is true about wind transport?
a)
Wind,like water, can only move downhill.
b)
Wind and water have the same relative ability to erode materials.
c)
wind transport and erosion primarily occur in areas with little vegetation cover.
d)
generally, wind can carry particles as large as those transported by moving water.
35.
Which is NOT a factor that influences mass movements?
a)
water
b)
weight
c)
soil type
d)
time
36.
A once straight fencepost is now tilted slightly. What type of mass movement is this demonstrating?
a)
creep
b)
flow
c)
slide
d)
fall
37.
Which of the following actions could prevent mass-movement disasters?
a)
constructing buildings and roads in stream drainage paths
b)
removing trees from steep slopes
c)
educating people about the advantages of building on steep slopes
d)
digging a series of trenches to divert water around a slope
38.
The reaction below is an example of which of the following processes?
a)
oxidation
b)
exfoliation
c)
freezing
d)
mechanical weathering
39.
The lowering of the land surface that results from the wind�s removal of surface particles is known as
a)
suspension
b)
deposition by meltwaters
c)
abrasion
d)
deflation
40.
What is the power behind the water cycle?
a)
gravity
b)
the Sun
c)
evaporation
d)
condensation
41.
The Grand Canyon is an example of ______.
a)
rejuvenation
b)
deposition of sediment
c)
headward erosion
d)
stream capture
42.
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the water cycle?
a)
Water falls precipitation back to Earth.
b)
Water evaporates from bodies of water on Earth.
c)
Water soaks into the ground.
d)
Water dissolves mineral from rocks it flows over.
43.
The Ohio and Missouri Rivers are both______ of the Mississippi River.
a)
tributaries
b)
watersheds
c)
divides
d)
water system
44.
The carrying capacity of a stream is its _____.
a)
ability to transport sediment
b)
rate of runoff entering the channel
c)
volume of flow
d)
stream bank height
45.
Which of the following is true about watersheds?
a)
Each tributary in a stream system has its own watershed.
b)
Watersheds always cover extremely large areas.
c)
Some streams do not have a watershed.
d)
The size of a watershed depends upon its elevation.
46.
In what area would you most likely find a divide?
a)
a valley
b)
a plain
c)
a mountain
d)
a hill
47.
Which of the following does NOT contribute to maintaining a lake's water supply?
a)
water from direct precipitation
b)
runoff
c)
underground sources
d)
deposition
48.
The three ways in which a stream carries its load are in solution,suspension, and ____.
a)
stream velocity
b)
stream channel
c)
bed load
d)
channel
49.
Which order correctly completes the water cycle shown below?
a)
precipitation, evaporation, infiltration
b)
evaporation, infiltration, precipitation
c)
evaporation, precipitation, infiltration
d)
precipitation, infiltration, evaporation
50.
The carrying capacity of a stream depends on both the velocity and the
a)
temperature of the water.
b)
type of material through which the stream flows.
c)
minerals dissolved in the stream.
d)
amount of water in the stream.
51.
For water to enter the ground, there must be
a)
a sufficient amount of sand in the soil.
b)
heavy precipitation.
c)
large enough spaces in the ground's surface material.
d)
soil particles clumpinb together.
52.
The basins of glacial lakes formed
a)
as a result of tectonic activity.
b)
during the ice ages.
c)
where ocean water needed.
d)
along the edges of moraines.
53.
Most lakes in North America were formed in what way?
a)
cutt-off meanders
b)
glaciers gouging out depressions in the earth
c)
stream flows blocked by sediments
d)
naturally occurring depressions on Earth's surface.
54.
The amount of dissolved material that stream water carries is called
a)
the dissolved load.
b)
the bed load.
c)
suspended load.
d)
groundwater.
55.
In a stream, how are the particles such as silt, clay, and sand carried?
a)
in solution
b)
as bed load
c)
as dissolved load
d)
in suspension
56.
Which of NOT one of the ways that a lake can form?
a)
A stream cutts off a meander to leave an isolated channel of water.
b)
Ocean waters recede to lowering-lying areas.
c)
Cirques high in the mountains fill with water.
d)
Eutrophication causes a bog to become flooded.
57.
A lake created by damming of glacial sediments is a(n)
a)
kettle lake.
b)
moraine-dammed lake
c)
oxbow lake.
d)
runoff lake.
58.
V-shaped channels like the Grand Canyon are formed by
a)
a sudden decrease in stream gradient.
b)
streams overflowing their banks.
c)
streams downcutting.
d)
streams capturing another stream.
59.
Many lakes are found in areas where there has been
a)
mountain building.
b)
recent volcanism.
c)
glaciation.
d)
droughts.
60.
How is Earth's water supply recycled?
a)
the water cycle
b)
through lakes
c)
rivers
d)
water on Earth is not recycled.
61.
Lakes usually fill in with sediment and cease to after
a)
several thousand years.
b)
hundred of thousands of years.
c)
millions of years.
d)
tens of millions years
62.
What is the lowest base level possible for any stream?
a)
The point where it joins another stream.
b)
The point where it reaches sea level.
c)
The point where it enters a broad valley.
d)
The point where it originates in the mountains.
63.
Which of the following is NOT an indication that a creep has occurred?
a)
Parallel grooves form in bedrock
b)
vertical structures become tilted
c)
Trees become bent
d)
Underground pipelines break
64.
Streams lengthen through
a)
eutrophication.
b)
Suspension.
c)
headward erosion
d)
upstream flooding.
65.
The land around these rivers is known as the _____.
a)
tributary
b)
divide
c)
water system
d)
watershed
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