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WorksheetsESS Fall Final Review Part 2
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 47mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
States that layers of sediment were originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity.
a)
principle of superposition
b)
principle of original horizontality
c)
uniformitarianism
d)
unconformities
2.
Relative dating of rock layers tells us that the deeper we dig, _______.
a)
the younger the rocks get
b)
the lighter the rocks get
c)
the harder the rocks get
d)
the older the rocks get
3.
A fault is always _________ than the layers of sedimentary rock it cuts through.
a)
older than
b)
younger than
c)
the same age as
d)
None of the above
4.
A rock or sediment layer that serves as a time marker in the rock record and results from volcanic ash or meteorite-impact debris.
a)
Time layer
b)
Comparative layer
c)
Key bed
d)
Time bed
5.
What is the age of the Earth?
a)
460,000 years
b)
4.6 million years
c)
4.6 billion years
d)
4.6 trillion years
6.
The age of a rock layer in relation to another rock layer.
a)
Comparative age
b)
absolute age
c)
true age
d)
Relative age
7.
Buried surfaces of erosion are known as these.
a)
unconformities
b)
key beds
c)
ambiguities
d)
cross beds
8.
Fragments in a rock layer are older than the rock layer that contains them according to which principle.
a)
original horizontality
b)
inclusions
c)
superposition
d)
cross-cutting relationships
9.
Name this plate boundary. (The plates are moving away from each other)
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
allegiant
10.
Name this plate boundary. (The plates are sliding past each other)
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
transformers
11.
Name this plate boundary. (The plates are moving toward each other)
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
insurgent
12.
This theory states that Earth's plates move on top of the mantle at a slow and constant rate due to convection currents
a)
plate tectonics
b)
continental drift
c)
seafloor spreading
d)
pangaea
13.
Large pieces of Earth's lithosphere that move around are called?
a)
sections
b)
plates
c)
land masses
d)
faults
14.
Which piece of evidence was not used by Wegener to support his theory of continental drift?
a)
South America and Africa coastlines
b)
coal beds in Antarctica
c)
plant and reptile fossils
d)
earthquake patterns
15.
What forms when two oceanic plates diverge?
a)
moutains
b)
rift valley
c)
mid-ocean ridge
d)
deep-ocean trench
16.
What is associated with transform boundaries?
a)
mountains
b)
volcanoes
c)
earthquakes
d)
islands
17.
What occurs when two plates come together and the denser one is forced under back into the mantle?
a)
reduction
b)
conduction
c)
subduction
d)
convection
18.
A break or crack in the Earth's crust is called a...
a)
plate
b)
fault
c)
fold
d)
crack
19.
Which type of plate boundary would cause folded mountains to form?
a)
transform
b)
convergent
c)
divergent
d)
subduction
20.
What are the two types of crust?
a)
continental and oceanic
b)
ocean and basin
c)
lower and upper
d)
thick and thin
21.
What drives tectonic plate movement?
a)
gravity
b)
coriolis effect
c)
convection currents
d)
the earth's magnetic core
22.
Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely found in which locations?
a)
at plate boundaries
b)
in oceans
c)
in the middle of continents
d)
in the middle of plates
23.
When an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide, which one will subduct?
a)
oceanic
b)
continental
c)
neither
d)
both
24.
According to Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift,
a)
Earth's surface is made up of seven major landmasses
b)
the continents DO NOT move
c)
Earth is slowly cooling and shrinking
d)
the continents were once joined together in a single landmass
25.
Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift because...
a)
it did not agree with their current theory
b)
Wegener was interested in what Earth was like millions of years ago
c)
Wegener used several different types of evidence to support his hypothesis
d)
Wegener could not identify the force that moved the continents
26.
The youngest rocks on the seafloor are most likely found...
a)
closest to a mid-ocean ridge
b)
farthest from a mid-ocean ridge
c)
near the coastlines
d)
closest to a deep sea trench
27.
What geologic process formed the Himalayas?
a)
two continental plates converging
b)
an earthquake in a subduction zone
c)
a tectonic plate moving over a hot spot
d)
movement at a transform fault boundary
28.
The property that measures the resistance to flow of a material.
a)
density
b)
viscosity
c)
velocity
d)
flowability
29.
A line of volcanic activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean basin is the
a)
Ring of Fire
b)
Mediterranean Belt
c)
Hawaiian Islands
d)
Caribbean Islands
30.
What kind of volcano is made of alternating layers of lava and tephra? (also called a stratovolcano)
a)
shield
b)
composite
c)
cinder cone
31.
What are the most explosive types of volcanoes?
a)
Shield
b)
Composite
c)
Cinder Cone
32.
Hotspots are found ___.
a)
at divergent boundaries
b)
at convergent boundaries
c)
at transform boundaries
d)
within a plate (intraplate)
33.
The solid particles thrown up in the air during a volcanic eruption are known as __.
a)
Tephra
b)
Pyroclastic flow
c)
Pillow lava
d)
Felsic lava
34.
The hot ash, gas and rock that races down the side of a volcano is known as ___
a)
Tephra
b)
Pyroclastic flow
c)
Lava Dome
d)
Lava Plateau
35.
The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of
a)
volcanoes forming over a hot spot
b)
volcanoes forming along a plate boundary
c)
the Ring of Fire
d)
continental drift
36.
When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile around a volcano's vent, the result is a
a)
cinder cone volcano
b)
shield volcano
c)
composite volcano
d)
dormant volcano
37.
Which of the following volcano hazards is made up of rocky particles about the size of a grain of sand (less than 2 mm)?
a)
volcanic bombs
b)
volcanic ash
c)
lapilli
d)
volcanic cinders
38.
There are several types of tephra including ash, lapilli, and blocks or bombs. What is the main difference between them?
a)
color
b)
size
c)
temperature
d)
magnetism
39.
What are the fastest body waves?
a)
P waves
b)
T waves
c)
S waves
d)
Q waves
40.
When seismologist record arrival times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations, they are looking for the earthquake's
a)
magnitude
b)
intensity
c)
epicenter
d)
focus
41.
Primary waves are ______________ waves, meaning they cause material to compress and expand.
a)
violent
b)
compression
c)
shear
d)
transverse
42.
Which wave arrives first to the seismic station?
a)
P - Primary
b)
S - Secondary
c)
Surface
43.
Which wave is the most destructive?
a)
P - Primary
b)
S - Secondary
c)
Surface Wave
44.
Which wave is a push and pull wave?
a)
P - Primary
b)
S - Secondary
c)
Surface
45.
What is the name of the place within Earth where the Earthquake begins?
a)
Focus
b)
Epicenter
46.
What is the name of the place on the surface of Earth where the Earthquake begins?
a)
Epicenter
b)
Focus
47.
a)
normal fault
b)
reverse fault
c)
strike-slip fault
48.
Scientists use the P and S time difference to tell_____.
a)
the strength of the surface wave
b)
the magnitude of quake
c)
the distance of the epicenter from station
d)
if quake occurred
49.
A fault is ___.
a)
break in lithosphere where movement occurs during quake
b)
violent movement of crust from release in energy
c)
a mini earthquake
d)
a broken rock
50.
Rates an earthquake on 1-10 based on magnitude
a)
Richter Scale
b)
Magnitude
c)
Seismograph
d)
Seismogram
51.
Type of force that pulls rocks apart
a)
Tension
b)
Compression
c)
Shear
d)
Normal
52.
Type of force that causes rocks to slide past each other
a)
Tension
b)
Compression
c)
Shear
d)
Normal
53.
How do fold mountain form?
a)
Land on one side of a fault is raised, while the other side drops downward.
b)
When magma rises toward the surface but doesn't break through the crust.
c)
From a fiery explosion.
d)
When plates collide, causing the crust to fold and crumple.
54.
Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens are examples of this type of mountain.
a)
Fold
b)
Volcanic
c)
Fault-block
d)
Dome
55.
Place the following in order of increasing density.
a)
oceanic crust, continental crust, mantle
b)
mantle, continental crust, oceanic crust
c)
continental crust, oceanic crust, mantle
d)
mantle, oceanic crust, continental crust
56.
Which of the following forms at a divergent boundary?
a)
Fault-block mountains
b)
Ocean ridge
c)
Fold mountains
d)
Dome mountains
57.
What percent of the Earth's crust is BELOW sea level?
a)
15%
b)
29%
c)
50%
d)
71%
58.
Which type of mountains are formed when magma pushes the layers of rock above it up?
a)
Volcanic
b)
Fold
c)
Dome
d)
Fault-block
59.
Which type of crust is thinner and more dense?
a)
oceanic crust
b)
mantle crust
c)
continental crust
d)
bread crust
60.
Which type of mountain forms when magma erupts onto the Earth's surface?
a)
Dome mountains
b)
Fault-block mountains
c)
Lava mountains
d)
Volcanic mountains
61.
Which mountain type are the highest?
a)
Volcanic
b)
Dome
c)
Fold
d)
Fault-block
62.
What are variations in the elevation of the Earth's crust called?
a)
Topography
b)
Bathography
c)
Geography
d)
Biography
63.
Rock that forms when minerals form from solutions or sediment from older rocks get pressed and cemented together.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
64.
Rock that forms when pressure, temperature, or chemical processes change existing rock.
a)
Igneous Rock
b)
Sedimentary Rock
c)
Metamorphic Rock
d)
Rock Cycle
65.
The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
compaction and cementation
c)
melting and cooling
66.
The process by which igneous rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
melting and cooling
c)
compaction and cementation
67.
A metamorphic rock can become ______.
a)
igneous
b)
metamorphic
c)
sedimentary
d)
all of these
68.
rock altered, changed, by pressure and heat
a)
sedimentary rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
igneous
d)
erosion
69.
The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.
a)
texture
b)
weathering
c)
sediment
d)
erosion
70.
_______ rock forms from magma/lava
a)
Metamorphic
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Igneous
71.
Rock that forms when pressure, temperature, or chemical processes change existing rock.
a)
Igneous Rock
b)
Sedimentary Rock
c)
Metamorphic Rock
d)
Rock Cycle
72.
The study of the origin, history, processes, and structures of the solid earth is called...
a)
Oceanography
b)
Geology
c)
Meteorology
d)
Astronomy
73.
The study of Earth's oceans is called...
a)
Meteorology
b)
Astronomy
c)
Oceanography
d)
Geology
74.
The study of Earth's atmosphere is called...
a)
Geology
b)
Astronomy
c)
Meteorology
d)
Oceanography
75.
The study of the universe beyond Earth is called....
a)
Astronomy
b)
Geology
c)
Oceanography
d)
Meteorology
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