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WorksheetsBACTERIA & VIRUSES
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
A person with AIDS is likely to develop infectious diseases because the virus that causes AIDS
a)
destroys cancerous cells
b)
damages the immune system
c)
increases the rate of antibody production
d)
increases the rate of microbe destruction
2.
What does invading the host cell enable the virus to do?
a)
increase its size
b)
synthesize needed oxygen
c)
obtain nutrients
d)
reproduce
3.
When a new viral infection appears in a population, scientists usually try to develop a vaccine against the virus. Which substances would most likely be contained in the new vaccine?
a)
live bacteria that ingest viruses
b)
white blood cells from an infected individual
c)
weakened viruses associated with the infection
d)
a variety of microbes that will attack the virus
4.
The diagram represents a cycle initiated when a virus (bacteriophage) infects a bacterial cell. Which nutritional relationship exists between the virus and the bacterial cell?
a)
parasitism
b)
mutualism
c)
commensalism
d)
saprophytism
5.
The substance being transferred into the bacterial cell in B is
a)
a nucleic acid
b)
a protein
c)
an enzyme
d)
a hormone
6.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live on the roots of leguminous plants in swellings called nodules. The bacteria synthesize nitrogen compounds that are used by the plants, and the plants provide moisture and nutrients for the bacteria. The interaction between the nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the leguminous plants is known as
a)
parasitism
b)
mutualism
c)
saprophytism
d)
commensalism
7.
Which type of bacteria performs the first step in recycling nitrogen compounds from the bodies of plants and animals?
a)
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
b)
bacteria of decay
c)
nitrifying bacteria
d)
denitrifying bacteria
8.
Atmospheric nitrogen can only be used by most living things after it has been
a)
converted to nitrates with the help of nitrogen-fixing bacteria
b)
taken in by plants through the lenticels
c)
converted to ammonia by bacteria of decay
d)
combined with carbon dioxide to form protein
9.
Nodules on the roots of legumes contain
a)
nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which help produce nitrates
b)
denitrifying bacteria, which produce amino acids
c)
bacteria that release uric acid into the soil
d)
bacteria that produce protein for absorption by plants
10.
When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is that
a)
the antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistance
b)
the bacteria needed to change in order to produce more antibiotics
c)
some of the bacteria learned how to resist the antibiotics
d)
antibiotics have become weaker over the years
11.
A piece of refrigerated, cooked meat will remain safe to eat for a longer period of time than a refrigerated piece of raw meat of similar size. Which statement is a valid inference based on this information?
a)
Cooking meat kills many bacteria and fungi.
b)
Cool temperatures stimulate the growth of microbes on raw meat.
c)
Raw meat cannot be preserved.
d)
Cooked meat contains antibodies that destroy decomposers.
12.
Bacteria of decay are important components of an ecosystem because they
a)
are involved in photosynthesis
b)
recycle organic matter
c)
absorb solar energy
d)
slow the spread of disease
13.
The graph represents the results of an investigation of the growth of three identical bacterial cultures incubated at different temperatures. Which inference can be made from this graph?
a)
Temperature is unrelated to the reproductive rate of bacteria
b)
Bacteria cannot grow at a temperature of 5°C.
c)
Life activities in bacteria slow down at high temperatures.
d)
Refrigeration will most likely slow the growth of these bacteria.
14.
When penicillin was first introduced, it was very effective in destroying most of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Which statement best explains the appearance of these resistant varieties?
a)
Penicillin stimulated the bacteria to become resistant, and this resistance was passed to the offspring.
b)
Penicillin killed the susceptible bacteria, while naturally resistant varieties survived and reproduced.
c)
Penicillin used today is not as strong as the penicillin used when it was first introduced.
d)
Penicillin stimulated the production of antigens in the resistant bacteria.
15.
What would most likely happen if most of the bacteria and fungi were removed from an ecosystem?
a)
Nutrients resulting from decomposition would be reduced.
b)
Energy provided for autotrophic nutrition would be reduced.
c)
The rate of mutations in plants would increase.
d)
Soil fertility would increase.
16.
A student investigated the effectiveness of four different mouthwashes in destroying bacteria. He inoculated the nutrient agar in four petri dishes with bacteria. Each of four paper disks, 1 centimeter in diameter, was soaked in a different mouthwash sample and placed on a different agar surface. Sterile procedures were used throughout the experiment. Each petri dish was placed in an incubator at a temperature of 37ºC for a 24-hour period. The diagram below represents the sequence of events in this investigation. The shaded areas in the petri dishes represent regions of bacterial growth. Which petri dish contains the most effective mouthwash?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
17.
The bacterium Clostridium tetani is found on nearly all surfaces. A short time after one or two of these bacteria enter a wound, a large number of them may be found in the wound as a result of
a)
regeneration
b)
vegetative propagation
c)
asexual reproduction
d)
gametogenesis
18.
Enzymes are used in moving sections of DNA that code for insulin from the pancreas cells of humans into a certain type of bacterial cell. What will this bacterial cell's offspring be able to produce?
a)
human insulin
b)
antibodies against insulin
c)
enzymes that digest insulin
d)
a new type of insulin
19.
Species of bacteria can evolve more quickly than species of mammals because bacteria have
a)
less competition
b)
more chromosomes
c)
lower mutation rates
d)
higher rates of reproduction
20.
To what would the phrase "is not a cell but has the ability to reproduce within a living cell" best describe?
a)
an alga
b)
a yeast
c)
a bacterium
d)
a virus
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