WorksheetsCarlsson et al. (2000)
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which if the following neurotransmitters is not featured in Carlsson's paper?
a)
glutamate
b)
serotonin
c)
GABA
d)
adrenaline
2.
Why is Carlsson interested to find out more about the causes of schizophrenia?
a)
to develop drug treatments with less severe side effects
b)
to win a Nobel prize
c)
because his father had schizophrenia
3.
Excess dopamine may be caused by
a)
a lack of dopamine in another brain region
b)
too much fatty food
c)
an excess of GABA
d)
high blood pressure
4.
Carlsson says that some people with catatonic symptoms have...
a)
Hyperdopaminergia
b)
Hypodopaminergia
5.
Hyperdopaminergia may be caused by
a)
Hyperserotonergia (high serotonin)
b)
Hyposerotonergia (low serotonin)
6.
Serotonin and dopamine levels may also be controlled by
a)
glutamate
b)
acetylcholine
c)
oxytocin
d)
prolactin
7.
Carlsson thinks schizophrenia may be linked to high or low levels of glutamate
a)
High
b)
Low
8.
Glutamatergic failure in the cerebral cortex may lead to....
a)
negative symptoms
b)
positive symptoms.
9.
Glutamatergic failure in the basal ganglia could be responsible for...
a)
positive symptoms
b)
negative symptoms
10.
In the meso-cortical pathway glutamate acts as
a)
an accelerator leading to increased dopamine activity.
b)
a brake, signaling to GABA neurons to inhibit dopamine production.
11.
If the glutamate accelerator in meso-cortical pathway goes wrong ...
a)
glutamate levels fall too low and dopamine levels drop leading to negative symptoms
b)
glutamate levels climb to high and dopamine levels rocket leading to positive symptoms
12.
When everything is working well, glutamate acts a brake in the mesolimbic pathways. The brake works by
a)
signaling to GABA neurons to inhibit dopamine production.
b)
increasing levels of the dopamine enzyme
13.
When the mesolimbic glutamate brake goes wrong and glutamate levels are too low, this leads to
a)
low levels of GABA and high levels of dopamine. This, in turn, leads to positive symptoms.
b)
high levels of GABA and low levels of dopamine, leading to negative symptoms
14.
from Carlsson's paper it is clear that the third generation anti-psychotics will be
a)
glutamate antagonists
b)
glutamate agonists
15.
Terell Holloway et al. (2013) have linked problems with glutamate receptors in the frontal cortex to ...
a)
maternal stress during pregnancy
b)
too much fatty food
c)
paternal age
d)
exposure to the flu
16.
Perez and Lodge (2014) have investigated the potential for 'brain-cell transplants' where they literally replacing deficient GABA interneurons in the...
a)
hippocampus
b)
hypothalamus
c)
amygdala
d)
basal gangli
17.
The glutamate hypothesis is based on research on ketamine and PCP which are ...... and induce schizophrenic symptoms
a)
glutamate agonists
b)
glutamate antagonists
18.
Using mice, Carlsson and Carlsson also found that the glutamate antagonist MK80, which reduces glutamate
a)
induces schizophrenic sympotms
b)
reduces schizophrenic symptoms
19.
Based on the fact that women have a later age of onset for schizophrenia, a further suggestion for future anti-psychotic drugs would be a drug based on the hormone...
a)
estrogen
b)
testoserone
c)
oxytocin
d)
cortisol
20.
Ketamine causes schizophrenic like symptoms by blocking...
a)
NMDA receptors
b)
serotonin receptors
c)
dopamine receptors
100 %
